Methods and measurement

Question 1

What’s the 3 aspects of scientific research?

Answer 1

1. Description
2. Explanation
3. Predictions (then leads to how which then leads back to description - think stairs)

Question 2

What is variance and which 2 types are there?

Answer 2

=difference

1. within-subjects
2. between-subjects

Question 3

What is reliability?

Answer 3

dependability of a measurement instrument - to which extent it is free from error

Question 4

What is validity?

Answer 4

Whether a measurement measures what it says it measures

Question 5

What are the 4 ways to test reliability?

Answer 5

1) test-retest: 1 test now 1 test in 6 months (sample A, test A x 2) - correlate results
2) equivalent forms: (sample A, test A & test B) - correlate
3) split-half: Sample A, test A –> split testhalf 1 & 2 - correlate
4) Internal consistency (cronbach’s alpha): average correlation between items in test A (sample A, test A)

Question 6

What is construct validity?

Answer 6

does test measure specified construct?

Question 7

what is criterion validity?

Answer 7

does test scores correlate with scores from relevant external criterion?

Question 8

What is convergent validity?

Answer 8

does scores correlate with variables they are supposed to correlate with? (think academic stress)

Question 9

What is discriminant validity?

Answer 9

Does scores NOT correlate with what they are not meant to correlate with?

Question 10

What is Predictive validity?

Answer 10

Does scores predict future behaviour on criterion variable?

Question 11

What is Concurrent validity?

Answer 11

Is there a correlation between test and criterion scores (eg self-reported and clinically diagnosed depression)

Question 12

What is face validity?

Answer 12

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