Methods

Question 1

Amnesia is an impairment of…

Answer 1

Declarative and episodic memory

Question 2

Electrophysiology is…

Answer 2

Micro-electrodes are implanted into the brain to record activity from electrodes

Question 3

DBS surgery involves inserting an electrode into the…

Answer 3

Subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia. This is connected to a battery and placed in chest. STN is stimulated to control motor symptoms

Question 4

Excessive beta activity in Parkinson’s…

Answer 4

Leads to the ability for the beta to put a brake on movement to be too powerful

Question 5

PET is done by…

Answer 5

Inject with glucose, water or inhale oxygen with tracers in them (radioactive isotope). Sensors in scanner detect radioactivity. Glucose/O2 carried to bloodstream and more active brain areas get more tracers and emits gamma. This is picked up in PET.

Question 6

The PET sensors detect radiation because the substance…

Answer 6

Decays

Question 7

Sharp et al (2010) PET found…

Answer 7

Left angular gyrus is more active for difficult semantic tasks. (ppts had a PET scan during)

Question 8

PET pros

Answer 8

Non-invasive
See brain activity as task is performed
Use radioactive variants of drugs to see activity on brain

Question 9

PET cons

Answer 9

Poor temporal resolution
Cannot see fine tuned aspects
Expensive
Radioactivity not safe
Scans averaged together=poor resolution

Question 10

MRI involves…

Answer 10

Protons act as magnets, applies strong magnetic field to brain, magnets interact, different tissues create different magnetic field

Question 11

Villarreal et al. (2002) MRI found…

Answer 11

More stress from PTSD means a smaller hippocampus (poor memory) Bremner (1999) said this was due to neurotoxic effect of stress hormones

Question 12

MRI pros

Answer 12

Non-invasive

Good resolution

Question 13

MRI cons

Answer 13

Images near brain cavities difficult, mag. field distorted

Noisy and claustrophobic=anxiety

Question 14

fMRI involves…

Answer 14

Same as MRI but images of brain function, not structure. Oxygenated and non blood have different mag. properties. Working areas of brain need more O2 blood

Question 15

Grill-Spector, Knouf & Kanwisher (2004)

Answer 15

Found when shown faces, ppts’ Fusiform area and lateral occipital cortex activated. Brain has areas for face recognition

Question 16

fMRI pros

Answer 16

Do this and MRI at the same time 
High spatial resolution
Temporal resolution better than PET
No radioactivity, do lots of scans
Non-invasive

Question 17

fMRI cons

Answer 17

Not the best resolution
Bad pictures near cavities
Noisy