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Methods > Methods 3 Final Examination > Flashcards

Methods 3 Final Examination Flashcards

1
Q

How are the two regions of the cervical spine divided?

A

-Upper Cervical: C0-C2
-Lower Cervical: C2-C7

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2
Q

What is the most mobile region of the spine and must balance the head atop thin long lever

A

Cervical

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3
Q

What functional anatomy is involved in C0-C2

A

-Rectus capitis superior Major (occiput to C2 SP)
-Rectus capitis superior minor (occiput to posterior arch of C1)
-Obliqus capitis superior: TP of atlas to occiput
-Obliqus capitis inferior: SP of axis to TP of atlas

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4
Q

C1-Atlas Characteristics

A

-No vertebral body
-No spinous process
-Circular inferior facets
-5 degrees of lateral flexion*

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5
Q

C2-Axis inferior facet face ____ and _____ @ ___ degrees

A

inferior and anterior 45 degrees*

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6
Q

Atlanto-axial joint articulations

A

Three joints mechanically linked:
1-Atlanto-odontoid joint
2-Atlanto-axial joints

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7
Q

How much rotation does the Atlanta-axial joint contribute to the cervical spine in %

A

50% (40 degrees)

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8
Q

Atlanto-Occipital ROM

A

-Flexion/Extension: 25 degrees
-Lateral Bending: 5 degrees
-Rotation: 5 degrees

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9
Q

Neuropathy is disease of the _________

A

Peripheral Nerve

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10
Q

Radiculopathy is disease of the ________

A

Spinal Nerve Root

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11
Q

Myelopathy is disease of the _________

A

Spinal Cord

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12
Q

Cervical Radiculopathy Symptoms

A

-Neck and Arm Pain
-Onset often follows neck injury
-Past history of multiple bouts with neck pain and minor injuries
-Weakness in hand (Deep ache/Bakody’s)
-Follow Dermatomes

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13
Q

Herniation of the nucleus pulposis accounts for only ____ of cervical cases. Foraminal encroachement cases account for ______

A

20-25%;70-75%

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14
Q

Cervical compression may _______ the neck and arm pain

A

Reproduce

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15
Q

Cervical distraction may ____ the arm pain

A

Lessen

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16
Q

Shoulder depression test may:

A

Reproduce pain on the side of head deviation

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17
Q

Some patients may report some relief of arm pain by putting the hand behind the head called ________

A

Bakody’s sign

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18
Q

Treatment Options for Cervical Radiculopathy

A

-Cervical Manipulation
-Cervical Traction

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19
Q

Typical Complaints of Cervical Myelopathy

A

-BL clumsiness of the hands
-Difficulty Walking
-Possible Urinary Dysfunction
-Possible Shooting Pains into the arms or legs

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20
Q

Causes of cervical myelopathy

A

Tumour, herniated disc, and spondylotic sources

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21
Q

Tests for cerebellar function

A

Lhermitte’s Test

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22
Q

Burner/Stinger

A

-Sudden onset of burning pain and/or numbness along the lateral arm with associated arm weakness
-Following a lateral flexion injury of the neck/head

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23
Q

Facet Joint/Referred Pain

A

-Irritation of the facet joints or deep cervical muscles causes a referred pain down the arm

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24
Q

Most common location of Facet Joint/Referred Pain

A

Outer arm to the hand (C5-7)

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25
Q

Treatment of Facet Joint/Referred Pain

A

-Manipulation (Preferred)
-Cervical Traction
-Myofascial contribution

26
Q

Congenital Torticollis

A

Infant with a fixed asymmetry of the head seen within hours of delivery

27
Q

Adult Torticollis

A

Painful spasms of the SCM, with head held in rotation and slight flexion

28
Q

Pseudotorticollis

A

Inability to move the head in any direction without pain

29
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Symptoms

A

-Numbness and tingling down inside of the arm to the little and ring fingers
-Worse by overhead activity
-Brachial Plexus/Subclavian Artery compressed

30
Q

Tests for TOS

A

Allen’s, Roos, Wright’s, Adsons, Costoclavicular

31
Q

Treatment of TOS

A

-Postural Correction,
-Stretch: Pectorals and Scalenes
-Strength: Middle/Lower Trap/Rhomboids ‘
-Trigger point therapy

32
Q

Code for thoracic spine

A

M99.02

33
Q

Code for cervical spine

A

M99.01

34
Q

Code for Head (TMJ, ear, soft pallet, occiput)

A

M99.00

35
Q

Assisted Prestress (CT)

A

-Patients head is turned away from the contract
-The spine above the contact segment is rotating away from the contact

36
Q

Resisted Prestress (CT)

A

Patients head is turned toward the contact
-Spine above the contact segment is rotating into the contact

37
Q

Characteristics of Transition Areas

A

-Chronic degenerative changes
-Where convexity/scoliosis occur
-High incidence of anatomical anomalies
-Dysplasia’s are also encountered

38
Q

Transitional curvature techniques

A

-Open the concavity while thrusting into the convexity

39
Q

Soft Tissue Transitional curvatures

A

-Prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
-Trapezius, scalene, SCM, and Longus coli
-Subclavian/Brachial plexus

40
Q

Ribs 1-7: Articulate with the sternum ________ via the costochondral and sternocostal joints

A

Directly

41
Q

Ribs 8-10: Attach _____ via the interchondral articulations

A

Indirectly

42
Q

Ribs 11/12 are _________

A

Free-floating

43
Q

Upper ribs axis lies closed to the ______ plane

A

Frontal

44
Q

Lower ribs lies closer to the _____ plane

A

Sagittal

45
Q

Assessment of Rib Angle Asymmetry

A

Calliper

46
Q

Assessment of the Intercostal spaces

A

Buckethandle

47
Q

Codes for Ribs

A

M99.08

48
Q

Rib 1 and posterior ribs are coded as

A

Thoracic spine

49
Q

Code for 1-2 spinal regions

A

98940

50
Q

Code for 3-4 regions

A

98941

51
Q

Thoracic bodies have an anterior height ______ less than posterior

A

1-2mm

52
Q

Thoracic facet lies ______ coronal and ______ towards Sagittal

A

60 degrees;20 degrees

53
Q

Thoracic disc height to body ratio is _____

A

1:5

54
Q

Thoracic joint coupling

A

-IL: Cervical to mid thoracic above T4
-CL: Midthoracic to lumbar T4 down

55
Q

Common Conditions of Thoracic Region

A

-Scheurmanns Disease, Compression Fracture, Osteoid Osteoma, Postural/Upper Crossed Syndrome, T4 Syndrome, Maigne’s Syndrome, Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

56
Q

Average lordotic curve of the neck

A

30-45 degrees

57
Q

Active ROM of cervical spine

A

-Flexion: 60 degrees
-Extension: 75 degrees
-Lateral Flexion: 45 degrees
-Rotation: 80 degrees

58
Q

5 D’s of Cervical Vascular Injury

A

Dizziness, Drop Attacks, Diplopia, Dysarthria, Dysphagia,

59
Q

3N’s of Injury to cervical spine

A

Nausea, Numbness on one side of face/body, nystagmus

60
Q

You should ask for permission before palpating or open somebody’s gown

A

TRUE

Methods (15 decks)

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