Methodology Of Research Flashcards
When is a Null Hypothesis rejected or accepted?
After the data analysis.
What are the alternative perspective hypotheses?
Superiority-A is better then B.
Equivalency- A is no better or worse then B.
Non-inferiority- A is not any worse than B.
What are the errors in inaccurately accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis?
Accepting the null when you shouldn’t- false negative.
Don’t accept the null when you should- false positive.
What are the two families of study designs?
Observational- “natural”, researcher follows natural actions of subject- no allocated groups.
Interventional- “experimental” subjects are given an exposure and put into researcher-forced groups.
What is a population and a sample?
Population- all individuals making up a common group.
Sample- subset of the population that acts as a representative of the population.
How is a study population (sample) selection chosen?
The Research hypothesis and inclusion and exclusion.
- the more specific you are, the less your study represents the population.
What are the 4 principles of bioethics?
Autonomy- consent and assent
Beneficence
Justice
Non-maleficence
What is the Belmont Report?
It outlined what is considered an ethical study.
3 guidelines: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
What is equipoise?
Stating that the benefit is greater than the risk.
What is the role of the IRB?
They ensure that the HUMANS will be ethically properly BEFORE the study begins.
What are the levels of IRB review?
Full Board- used for all interventional trials (all medication related studies)
Expedited- minimal risk and or no patient identifiers.
Exempt- no patient identifiers/ low to no risk
What is the role of the Data Safety and Monitoring Board (DSMB)?
Review the study as it progresses AFTER it has started
*they can stop the study early if it’s overly positive or overly negative.
What is the Null Hypothesis?
States that there will be no significant difference between groups being compared.
