Methodology

Question 1

5 Steps of scientific investigation

Answer 1

(Kazdin 2017) OSCAR
Originate a testable hypothesis
Select a method and design
Collect the data
Analyze the data
Report the findings

Question 2

Originate a testable hypothesis

Answer 2

(Kazdin 2017)
Null & Alternate hypothesis
IV - that which is manipulated
DV - that which is measured

Question 3

Difference between experimental vs quasi-experimental design

Answer 3

(Kazdin 2017)
True experiments use random assignment
Quasi-experiments occurs when no random assignment or convenience sample is used

Question 4

Statistical significance

Answer 4

(Kazdin 2017)

Alpha is under control of researcher, generally .05 (per Cohen 2001), the level of risk in being wrong

Question 5

Power

Answer 5

(Kazdin 2017)

Probability of rejecting null when null is false

Question 6

How to do a power analysis

Answer 6

(Cohen 1988) SEPS
Statistical significance
Effect size
Power
Sample size

Once you have 3, the 4th can be determined

Question 7

Target Statistical Significance

Answer 7

alpha = .05 (Cohen 2001)

Question 8

Target Power level

Answer 8

0.8

Question 9

Interpretations of Effect Size

Answer 9

Cohen’s D (Cohen 1988) .2 small, .5 medium, .8 large

or Eta-squared

Question 10

5 types of data in research

Answer 10

(Ruderstam & Newton 1992) IPPAD:
Interview
Physiological data
Psychological report
Archival data
Direct observation

Question 11

Type I Error

Answer 11

(Mertler & Vannetta, 2013)
False Positive
The probability of rejecting the null when it is true

Question 12

Type II Error

Answer 12

(Mertler & Vannetta, 2013)
False Negative
The probability of accepting the null when it’s false