Method of Transmission Flashcards
what are the three modes of transmission
direct, indirect and airborne transmission
this can be either vehicle borne or vector borne transmission
indirect transmission
an animal or flying or crawling insects that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent.
vector borne transmission
any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal or entry.
vehicle borne transmission
It involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from individual to individual through touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse.
direct transmission
this type of transmission may involve droplets or dust.
airborne transmission
the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host
droplet nuclei
any individual who is at risk for infection
susceptible host
someone at increased risk, an individual who for one or more reasons is more likely than other to acquire an infection.
compromised host.
what are the two body defenses
nonspecific and specific defenses
are directed against identifiable bacteria, virus, fungi, or other infectious agents
specific(immune) defenses
protect the individual against all microorganisms
nonspecific defenses
these injurious agents include mechanical objects causing trauma to tissues , excessive heat or cold and radiation.
physical agents
These injurious agents include external and internal irritants.
chemical agents
include the broad groups of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
microorganisms
what are the three stages of inflammatory response
stage 1: vascular and cellular responses
stage 2: exudate production
stage 3: reparative phase
this is the stage of inflammation where the blood vessels at the site of injury constrict and rapidly followed by dilation of small blood vessels. thus, more blood flows to the injured area.
vascular and cellular responses
this marked an increase in blood supply; responsible for the characteristic signs of redness and heat.
hyperemia
this bacteria of the skin’s prevent the other bacteria from multiplying.
resident bacteria
cells that ingest microorganisms, dead cells and foreign materials.
phagocytes
this tends to move the microbes out of the body.
peristalsis
a local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent.
inflammation
it is the stage of inflammation where ____ is produced, consisting of fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells and dead tissue cells and products that they release.
exudate production
what are the major types of exudate
serous, purulent, hemorrhagic
it is the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function.
regeneration
it is a fragile gelatinous tissue appearing pink or red because of the many newly formed capillaries.
granulation tissue
it is a substance that induces a state of insensitivity or immune responsiveness (immunity).
antigen
if the proteins originate in an individuals own body, the antigen is called what?
autoantigen
what are the two components of the immune response?
antibody mediated defenses and cell- mediated defenses.
what is the other name for antibody-mediated defenses?
humoral (or circulating) immunity
These defenses reside intimately in the B lymphocytes and are mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.
humoral immunity
what are the three main groups of T-cells?
helper T-cells
cytotoxic T-cells
supressor T-cells
it is converted to fibrin when it is released to the tissue
plasma protein fibrinogen
it is released by injured tissue cells
thromboplastin
