Method of Transmission

Question 1

what are the three modes of transmission

Answer 1

direct, indirect and airborne transmission

Question 2

this can be either vehicle borne or vector borne transmission

Answer 2

indirect transmission

Question 3

an animal or flying or crawling insects that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent.

Answer 3

vector borne transmission

Question 4

any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal or entry.

Answer 4

vehicle borne transmission

Question 5

It involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from individual to individual through touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse.

Answer 5

direct transmission

Question 6

this type of transmission may involve droplets or dust.

Answer 6

airborne transmission

Question 7

the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infected host

Answer 7

droplet nuclei

Question 8

any individual who is at risk for infection

Answer 8

susceptible host

Question 9

someone at increased risk, an individual who for one or more reasons is more likely than other to acquire an infection.

Answer 9

compromised host.

Question 10

what are the two body defenses

Answer 10

nonspecific and specific defenses

Question 11

are directed against identifiable bacteria, virus, fungi, or other infectious agents

Answer 11

specific(immune) defenses

Question 12

protect the individual against all microorganisms

Answer 12

nonspecific defenses

Question 13

these injurious agents include mechanical objects causing trauma to tissues , excessive heat or cold and radiation.

Answer 13

physical agents

Question 14

These injurious agents include external and internal irritants.

Answer 14

chemical agents

Question 15

include the broad groups of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites

Answer 15

microorganisms

Question 16

what are the three stages of inflammatory response

Answer 16

stage 1: vascular and cellular responses
stage 2: exudate production
stage 3: reparative phase

Question 17

this is the stage of inflammation where the blood vessels at the site of injury constrict and rapidly followed by dilation of small blood vessels. thus, more blood flows to the injured area.

Answer 17

vascular and cellular responses

Question 18

this marked an increase in blood supply; responsible for the characteristic signs of redness and heat.

Answer 18

hyperemia

Question 19

this bacteria of the skin’s prevent the other bacteria from multiplying.

Answer 19

resident bacteria

Question 20

cells that ingest microorganisms, dead cells and foreign materials.

Answer 20

phagocytes

Question 21

this tends to move the microbes out of the body.

Answer 21

peristalsis

Question 22

a local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent.

Answer 22

inflammation

Question 23

it is the stage of inflammation where ____ is produced, consisting of fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells and dead tissue cells and products that they release.

Answer 23

exudate production

Question 24

what are the major types of exudate

Answer 24

serous, purulent, hemorrhagic

Question 25

it is the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function.

Answer 25

regeneration

Question 26

it is a fragile gelatinous tissue appearing pink or red because of the many newly formed capillaries.

Answer 26

granulation tissue

Question 27

it is a substance that induces a state of insensitivity or immune responsiveness (immunity).

Answer 27

antigen

Question 28

if the proteins originate in an individuals own body, the antigen is called what?

Answer 28

autoantigen

Question 29

what are the two components of the immune response?

Answer 29

antibody mediated defenses and cell- mediated defenses.

Question 30

what is the other name for antibody-mediated defenses?

Answer 30

humoral (or circulating) immunity

Question 31

These defenses reside intimately in the B lymphocytes and are mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.

Answer 31

humoral immunity

Question 32

what are the three main groups of T-cells?

Answer 32

helper T-cells
cytotoxic T-cells
supressor T-cells

Question 33

it is converted to fibrin when it is released to the tissue

Answer 33

plasma protein fibrinogen

Question 34

it is released by injured tissue cells

Answer 34

thromboplastin