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Haematology > Methaemoglobinaemia > Flashcards

Methaemoglobinaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is methaemoglobinaemia?

A

Haemoglobin which has been oxidised from Fe2+ to Fe3+. It is a disorder characterised by an elevated level of methaemoglobin (MetHb).

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2
Q

What enzyme regulates electron transfer from NADH to methaemoglobin?

A

NADH methaemoglobin reductase

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3
Q

What happens when methaemoglobinaemia occurs?

A

As the oxidization of Fe2+ to Fe3+ occurs, it cannot carry oxygen to perfuse tissue

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4
Q

What are the congenital causes of methaemoglobinaemia?

A

Haemoglobin chain variants - HbM, HbH
NADH methaemoglobin reductase deficiency

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5
Q

What are the acquired causes of methaemoglobinaemia?

A

Drugs - sulphonamides, nitrates, dapsone, sodium nitroprusside, primaquine
Chemicals - aniline dyes

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of methaemoglobinaemia?

A

Chocolate cyanosis
Dyspnoea
Severe - acidosis, arrythmias, seizures, coma
Normal pO2 but decreased oxygen saturation

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7
Q

What is the management of methaemoglobinaemia?

A

Ascorbic acid (NADH methaemoglobinaemia reductase deficiency)
IV methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) if acquired cause

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Haematology (4 decks)

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