meteorology- synoptic systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is atmospheric pressure due to

A

the column of air above the point considered and the force of gravity
attracting the air toward the earth.

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2
Q

What does air density vary with

A

Altitude

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3
Q

50% of the mass of the atmosphere lies below where

A

5km

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4
Q

What is the unit of pressure

A

Pascal (Pa)

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5
Q

Meteorologists use what measure of pressure

A

hectoPascal (hPa)

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6
Q

What is the standard pressure at the surface

A

1013.25 hPa

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7
Q

Pressure varies directly as what

A

the density and depth of the fluid causing it

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8
Q

Density of air varies inversely to what

A

as its temp

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9
Q

Depth may vary due to processes doing what

A

bringing air to an area or moving away from it

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10
Q

What is the pressure gradient

A

is the rate of change of pressure with distance, measured perpendicular to the
isobars.

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11
Q

What is an isobar

A

a line on a weather chart connecting places having the same atmospheric pressure

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12
Q

What is the pressure tendency

A

is the rate of change of atmospheric pressure with time, standardised as the
change in pressure over three hours

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13
Q

Pressure varies through the day in a regular cycle due what?

A

to tidal effects caused by heating of the upper atmosphere.

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14
Q

Wind is the horizontal component of what

A

air movement

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15
Q

What does pgf stand for

A

pressure gradient force

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16
Q

What is pgf

A

is the force exerted on air particles due to the pressure gradient at a place.

17
Q

Any moving body on the surface of a rotating planet experiences a deflection to one side of its direction
of movement except at the

18
Q

Coriolis Force varies as the sine of latitude from zero at the equator to maximum at the

19
Q

Coriolis Force acts perpendicularly to the direction of

20
Q

Coriolis Force acts perpendicularly to the direction of movement, to the ____ of the direction of
movement in the northern hemisphere and to the ____ in the southern hemisphere.

A

right
left

21
Q

The magnitude of the coriolis force varies directly as what?

22
Q

In low Latitude ________ speed is required to generate the balancing Coriolis Force than in high Latitude.
The speed of the Geostrophic Wind is therefore _______ in low Latitude than in high Latitude for the same Pressure Gradient.

A

greater
greater

23
Q

The Gradient Wind is the wind flowing in an area with curved isobars.
Air flowing parallel to curved isobars will follow a curved path.
The force causing the deflection to a curved path is the what?

A

Centripetal force

24
Q

Air flowing around an anticyclone must increase speed in order to generate increased Coriolis Force
toward the centre of the system to achieve a what?

A

curved path

25
Air flowing around a depression must _________ speed in order to __________ Coriolis Force away from the centre of the system and achieve a curved path.
decrease decrease
26
Gradient wind is super-geostrophic where isobars are curved _____________ and sub-geostrophic where isobars are curved __________.
anticyclonically cyclonically
27
The amount of modification of the geostrophic wind speed depends on ________ _________, ________ and ____ _______.
isobar curvature latitude wind speed
28
Friction close to the surface reduces what?
Wind speed Which reduces coriolis effect
29
Pressure Gradient Force acts from ____ toward ___ pressure, ____________ to the Isobars.
high low perpendicular
30
What does air move in response to
The pressure gradient force
31
Coriolis Force deflects flow to the ______ in the Northern Hemisphere, ______ in the Southern Hemisphere,
right left
32
Gradient wind describes
flow along curved Isobars, higher than Geostrophic if anticyclonically curved, lower if cyclonically curved.
33
Surface Wind flows in toward ___ pressure, crossing the Isobars at the Angle of Indraft.
low
34
Buys-Ballot's Law states:
Face the wind. Lower pressure is to the right in the northern hemisphere (left in the southern hemisphere). The Angle of Indraft should be taken into account. The direction of the Pressure Gradient will be 90° plus the Angle of Indraft from the wind direction. The direction of the centre of low pressure will depend on the isobar pattern.
35
The Gradient Wind Graph is calculated for Latitude __°. It is useable over the range __° to __° Latitude The theoretical maximum anticyclonic gradient wind is twice the geostrophic wind.
50 40 80
36
The wind speed around anticyclonically curved isobars may be up to ______ the speed that would be expected from the isobar spacing.
twice
37
Cyclostrophic wind speed is an approximation to gradient wind speed that ignores, what?
Coriolis force
38