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PPL Theory > Meteorology > Flashcards

Meteorology Flashcards

1
Q

What clouds and weather may result from an humid and instable air mass, that is pushed against a chain of mountains by the predominant wind and forced to rise? (1,00 P.)

 Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain.
 Thin Altostratus and Cirrostratus clouds with light and steady precipitation.
 Overcast low stratus (high fog) with no precipitation.
 Smooth, unstructured NS cloud with light drizzle or snow (during winter).

A

Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain.

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2
Q

What type of fog emerges if humid and almost saturated air, is forced to rise upslope of hills or shallow mountains by the prevailling wind? (1,00 P.)

 Orographic fog
 Steaming fog
 Radiation fog
 Advection fog

A

Orographic fog

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3
Q

What situation is called “over-development” in a weather report? (1,00 P.)

 Vertical development of Cumulus clouds to rain showers
 Widespreading of Cumulus clouds below an inversion layer
 Change from blue thermals to cloudy thermals during the afternoon
 Development of a thermal low to a storm depression

A

Vertical development of Cumulus clouds to rain showers

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4
Q

What is the gas composition of “air”? (1,00 P.)

 Oxygen 21 %
Water vapour 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %
 Oxygen 78 %
Water vapour 21 %
Nitrogen 1 %
 Nitrogen 21 %
Oxygen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %
 Oxygen 21 %
Nitrogen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

A

Oxygen 21 %
Nitrogen 78 %
Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

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5
Q

Weather phenomena are most common to be found in which atmospheric layer? (1,00 P.)

 Stratosphere
 Tropopause
 Thermosphere
 Troposphere

A

Troposphere

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6
Q

What is the mass of a “cube of air” with the edges 1 m long, at MSL according ISA? (1,00 P.)

 1,225 kg
 0,01225 kg
 0,1225 kg
 12,25 kg

A

1,225 kg

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7
Q

At what rate does the temperature change with increasing height according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere) within the troposphere? (1,00 P.)

 Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft
 Increases by 2° C / 1000 ft
 Decreases by 2° C / 100 m
 Increases by 2° C / 100 m

A

Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft

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8
Q

What is the mean height of the tropopause according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere)? (1,00 P.)

 18000 ft
 11000 ft
 11000 m
 36000 m

A

11000 m

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9
Q

The term “tropopause” is defined as… (1,00 P.)

 the layer above the troposphere showing an increasing temperature.
 the boundary area between the mesosphere and the stratosphere.
 the boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
 the height above which the temperature starts to decrease.

A

the boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

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10
Q

Temperatures will be given by meteorological aviation services in Europe in which unit? (1,00 P.)

 Degrees Centigrade (° C)
 Kelvin
 Gpdam
 Degrees Fahrenheit

A

Degrees Centigrade (° C)

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11
Q

What is meant by “inversion layer”? (1,00 P.)

 An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height
 A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere
 An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height
 An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

A

An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

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12
Q

What is meant by “isothermal layer”? (1,00 P.)

 An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height
 An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height
 A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere
 An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height

A

An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height

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13
Q

The temperature lapse rate with increasing height within the troposphere according ISA is… (1,00 P.)

 0,65° C / 100 m.
 3° C / 100 m.
 1° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.

A

0,65° C / 100 m.

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14
Q

Which process may result in an inversion layer at about 5000 ft (1500 m) height? (1,00 P.)

 Intensive sunlight insolation during a warm summer day
 Widespread descending air within a high pressure area
 Ground cooling by radiation during the night
 Advection of cool air in the upper troposphere

A

Widespread descending air within a high pressure area

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15
Q

Which process may result in an inversion layer at about 5000 ft (1500 m) height? (1,00 P.)
 Intensive sunlight insolation during a warm summer day  Widespread descending air within a high pressure area
 Ground cooling by radiation during the night
 Advection of cool air in the upper troposphere

A
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16
Q

An inversion layer close to the ground can be caused by… (1,00 P.)

 ground cooling during the night.
 large-scale lifting of air.
 intensifying and gusting winds.
 thickening of clouds in medium layers.

A

ground cooling during the night.

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17
Q

What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? (1,00 P.)

 250 hPa
 300 hPa
 1013.25 hPa
 500 hPa

A

500 hPa

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18
Q

The pressure which is measured at a ground station and reduced to mean sea level (MSL) by means of the actual atmospheric conditions is called… (1,00 P.)

 QNH.
 QNE.
 QFE.
 QFF.

A

QFF.

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19
Q

Which processes result in decreasing air density? (1,00 P.)

 Decreasing temperature, increasing pressure
 Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure
 Increasing temperature, increasing pressure
 Decreasing temperature, decreasing pressure

A

Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure

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20
Q

The pressure at MSL in ISA conditions is… (1,00 P.)
 113.25 hPa.
 15 hPa.
 1013.25 hPa.
 1123 hPa.

A

1013.25 hPa.

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21
Q

The height of the tropopause of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is at… (1,00 P.)
 5500 ft.
 11000 ft.
 36000 ft.
 48000 ft.

A

36000 ft.

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22
Q

The barometric altimeter indicates height above… (1,00 P.)

 a selected reference pressure level.
 mean sea level.
 standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.
 ground.

A

a selected reference pressure level.

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23
Q

The altimeter can be checked on the ground by setting… (1,00 P.)

 QFE and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.
 QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.
 QNE and checking that the indication shows zero on the ground.
 QFF and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

A

QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

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24
Q

The barometric altimeter with QFE setting indicates… (1,00 P.)

 height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.
 true altitude above MSL.
 height above MSL.
 height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.

A

height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.

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25
Q

The barometric altimeter with QNH setting indicates… (1,00 P.)

 height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa.
 height above the pressure level at airfield elevation.
 true altitude above MSL.
 height above MSL.

A

height above MSL.

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26
Q

Given the following information, what is the true altitude? (rounded to the nearest 50 ft)

QNH: 983 hPa
Altitude: FL 85
Outside Air Temperature: ISA - 10° (1,00 P.)

 7900 ft
 9400 ft
 7300 ft
 7600 ft

A

7300 ft

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27
Q

How can wind speed and wind direction be derived from surface weather charts? (1,00 P.)

 By alignment and distance of isobaric lines
 By alignment and distance of hypsometric lines
 By alignment of lines of warm- and cold fronts.
 By annotations from the text part of the chart

A

By alignment and distance of isobaric lines

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28
Q

Which force causes “wind”? (1,00 P.)

 Centrifugal force
 Thermal force
 Coriolis force
 Pressure gradient force

A

Pressure gradient force

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29
Q

Above the friction layer, with a prevailing pressure gradient, the wind direction is… (1,00 P.)

 perpendicular to the isohypses.
 at an angle of 30° to the isobars towards low pressure.
 parallel to the isobars.
 perpendicular to the isobars.

A

parallel to the isobars.

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30
Q

Which of the stated surfaces will reduce the wind speed most due to ground friction? (1,00 P.)

 Flat land, deserted land, no vegetation
 Oceanic areas
 Mountainous areas, vegetation cover
 Flat land, lots of vegetation cover

A

Mountainous areas, vegetation cover

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31
Q

The movement of air flowing together is called… (1,00 P.)

 convergence.
 divergence.
 soncordence.
 subsidence.

A

convergence

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32
Q

The movement of air flowing apart is called… (1,00 P.)

 convergence.
 concordence.
 divergence.
 subsidence.

A

divergence

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33
Q

What weather development will result from convergence at ground level? (1,00 P.)

 Descending air and cloud formation
 Ascending air and cloud dissipation
 Descending air and cloud dissipation
 Ascending air and cloud formation

A

Ascending air and cloud formation

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34
Q

When air masses meet each other head on, how is this referred to and what air movements will follow? (1,00 P.)

 Convergence resulting in sinking air
 Divergence resulting in sinking air
 Convergence resulting in air being lifted
 Divergence resulting in air being lifted

A

Convergence resulting in air being lifted

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35
Q

What are the air masses that Central Europe is mainly influenced by? (1,00 P.)

 Arctic and polar cold air
 Polar cold air and tropical warm air
 Equatorial and tropical warm air
 Tropical and arctic cold air

A

Polar cold air and tropical warm air

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36
Q

With regard to global circulation within the atmosphere, where does polar cold air meets subtropical warm air? (1,00 P.)

 At the equator
 At the geographic poles
 At the subtropical high pressure belt
 At the polar front

A

At the polar front

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37
Q

Winds blowing uphill are defined as… (1,00 P.)

 katabatic winds.
 anabatic winds.
 convergent winds.
 subsident winds.

A

anabatic winds.

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38
Q

Winds blowing downhill are defined as… (1,00 P.)

 anabatic winds.
 katabatic winds.
 convergent winds.
 subsident winds.

A

katabatic winds.

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39
Q

Air descending behind a mountain range is defined as… (1,00 P.)

 katabatic wind.
 convergent wind.
 anabatic wind.
 divergent wind.

A

katabatic wind.

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40
Q

“Foehn” conditions usually develop with… (1,00 P.)

 instability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.
 stability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.
 instability, high pressure area with calm wind.
 stability, high pressure area with calm wind.

A

stability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge.

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41
Q

What type of turbulence is typically found close to the ground on the lee side during Foehn conditions? (1,00 P.)

 Inversion turbulence
 Turbulence in rotors
 Clear-air turbulence (CAT)
 Thermal turbulence

A

Turbulence in rotors

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42
Q

Light turbulence always has to be expected… (1,00 P.)

 above cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.
 below stratiform clouds in medium layers.
 when entering inversions.
 below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.

A

below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection.

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43
Q

Moderate to severe turbulence has to be expected… (1,00 P.)

 with the appearance of extended low stratus clouds (high fog).
 overhead unbroken cloud layers.
 below thick cloud layers on the windward side of a mountain range.
 on the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present.

A

on the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present.

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44
Q

Which answer contains every state of water found in the atmosphere? (1,00 P.)

 Liquid and solid
 Liquid, solid, and gaseous
 Gaseous and liquid
 Liquid

A

Liquid, solid, and gaseous

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45
Q

How do dew point and relative humidity change with decreasing temperature? (1,00 P.)

 Dew point remains constant, relative humidity decreases
 Dew point decreases, relative humidity increases
 Dew point increases, relative humidity decreases
 Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases

A

Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases

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46
Q

How do spread and relative humidity change with increasing temperature? (1,00 P.)

 Spread increases, relative humidity decreases
 Spread remains constant, relative humidity decreases
 Spread increases, relative humidity increases
 Spread remains constant, relative humidity increases

A

Spread increases, relative humidity decreases

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47
Q

The “spread” is defined as… (1,00 P.)
 relation of actual to maximum possible humidity of air.
 maximum amount of water vapour that can be contained in air.
 difference between dew point and condensation point.
 difference between actual temperature and dew point.

A

difference between actual temperature and dew point.

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48
Q

With other factors remaining constant, decreasing temperature results in… (1,00 P.)

 decreasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.
 increasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.
 increasing spread and increasing relative humidity.
 decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity.

A

decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity

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49
Q

What process causes latent heat being released into the upper troposphere? (1,00 P.)

 Descending air across widespread areas
 Stabilisation of inflowing air masses
 Cloud forming due to condensation
 Evaporation over widespread water areas

A

Cloud forming due to condensation

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50
Q

The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is… (1,00 P.)

 lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 proportional to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 higher than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
 equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

A

lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

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51
Q

The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of… (1,00 P.)
 1,0° C / 100 m.
 2° / 1000 ft.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 0,65° C / 100 m.

A

1,0° C / 100 m.

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52
Q

The saturated adiabatic lapse rate should be assumed with a mean value of: (1,00 P.)
 1,0° C / 100 m.
 0° C / 100 m.
 0,6° C / 100 m.
 2° C / 1000 ft.

A

0,6° C / 100 m.

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53
Q

What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions? (1,00 P.)

 Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow
 Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels
 Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds
 Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms

A

Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms

54
Q

Which conditions are likely for the formation of advection fog? (1,00 P.)

 Cold, humid air moves over a warm ocean
 Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface
 Warm, humid air cools during a cloudy night
 Humidity evaporates from warm, humid ground into cold air

A

Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface

55
Q

Clouds are basically distinguished by what types? (1,00 P.)

 Stratiform and ice clouds
 Layered and lifted clouds
 Cumulus and stratiform clouds
 Thunderstorm and shower clouds

A

Cumulus and stratiform clouds

56
Q

Clouds in high layers are referred to as… (1,00 P.)

 Nimbo-.
 Strato-.
 Alto-.
 Cirro-.

A

Cirro-

57
Q

What weather phenomenon designated by “2” has to be expected on the lee side during “Foehn” conditions?

See figure (MET-001). (1,00 P.)

 Altocumulus Castellanus
 Nimbostratus
 Cumulonimbus
 Altocumulus lenticularis

https://cloud.wafa-sadri.de/s/FNDH2z45Sb3Lssd

A

Altocumulus lenticularis

58
Q

What cloud type does the picture show?

See figure (MET-002). (1,00 P.)

 Stratus
 Cumulus
 Altus
 Cirrus

https://cloud.wafa-sadri.de/s/FNDH2z45Sb3Lssd

A

Cumulus

59
Q

What cloud type does the picture show?

See figure (MET-004). (1,00 P.)

 Altocumulus
 Cumulus
 Stratus
 Cirrus

https://cloud.wafa-sadri.de/s/FNDH2z45Sb3Lssd

A

Cirrus

60
Q

What factor may affect the top of cumulus clouds? (1,00 P.)

 Relative humidity
 The spread
 The presence of an inversion layer
 The absolute humidity

A

The presence of an inversion layer

61
Q

What factors may indicate a tendency to fog formation? (1,00 P.)

 Low pressure, increasing temperature
 Low spread, decreasing temperature
 Low spread, increasing temperature
 Strong winds, decreasing temperature

A

Low spread, decreasing temperature

62
Q

What condition may prevent the formation of “radiation fog”? (1,00 P.)

 Overcast cloud cover
 Calm wind
 Low spread
 Clear night, no clouds

A

Overcast cloud cover

63
Q

What process results in the formation of “advection fog”? (1,00 P.)

 Cold, moist air is being moved across warm ground areas
 Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas
 Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air
 Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds

A

Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas

64
Q

What process results in the formation of “orographic fog” (“hill fog”)? (1,00 P.)

 Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds
 Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range
 Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air
 Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air

A

Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range

65
Q

What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds? (1,00 P.)

 High humidity and high temperatures
 The presence of an inversion layer
 Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation
 Moderate to strong updrafts

A

Moderate to strong updrafts

66
Q

The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires… (1,00 P.)

 a high cloud base.
 strong wind.
 an inversion layer.
 strong updrafts.

A

strong updrafts.

67
Q

Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain? (1,00 P.)

 Cumulonimbus
 Cirrostratus
 Nimbostratus
 Altocumulus

A

Nimbostratus

68
Q

Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as… (1,00 P.)

 light and heavy precipitation.
 showers of snow and rain.
 prolonged rain and continuous rain.
 rain and showers of rain.

A

rain and showers of rain.

69
Q

How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian continent during winter? (1,00 P.)

 Maritime tropical air
 Continental tropical air
 Continental polar air
 Maritime polar air

A

Continental polar air

70
Q

The character of an air mass is given by what properties? (1,00 P.)

 Temperatures at origin and present region
 Wind speed and tropopause height
 Region of origin and track during movement
 Environmental lapse rate at origin

A

Region of origin and track during movement

71
Q

The symbol labeled (1) as shown in the picture is a / an…

See figure (MET-005) (1,00 P.)

 front aloft.
 occlusion.
 warm front.
 cold front.

A

cold front.

72
Q

The symbol labeled (2) as shown in the picture is a / an…

See figure (MET-005) (1,00 P.)

 front aloft.
 cold front.
 warm front.
 occlusion.

A

warm front.

73
Q

The symbol labeled (3) as shown in the picture is a / an…

See figure (MET-005) (1,00 P.)

 front aloft.
 warm front.
 cold front.
 occlusion.

A

occlusion.

74
Q

What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front? (1,00 P.)

 In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night
 Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter
 Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain
 Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

A

Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

75
Q

What clouds and weather can typically be observed during the passage of a cold front? (1,00 P.)

 In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night
 Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain
 Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus
 Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter

A

Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

76
Q

What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low during summer time? (1,00 P.)

 Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground
 Good visibility, some isolated high clouds
 Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds
 Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

A

Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds

77
Q

What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front? (1,00 P.)

 Scattered cloud layers, visbility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds
 Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow
 Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation
 Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow

A

Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow

78
Q

A boundary between a cold polar air mass and a warm subtropical air mass showing no horizontal displacement is called… (1,00 P.)

 cold front.
 warm front.
 occluded front.
 stationary front.

A

stationary front.

79
Q

What is the usual direction of movement of a polar front low? (1,00 P.)

 To the northwest during winter, to the southwest during summer
 To the northeast during winter, to the southeast during summer
 Parallel to the warm front line to the south
 Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars

A

Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars

80
Q

What pressure pattern can be observed during the passage of a polar front low? (1,00 P.)

 Rising pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front
 Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front
 Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front
 Rising pressure in front of the warm front, rising pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front

A

Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front

81
Q

What pressure pattern can be observed when a cold front is passing? (1,00 P.)

 Continually decreasing pressure
 Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure
 Continually increasing pressure
 Constant pressure pattern

A

Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure

82
Q

What change of wind direction can be expected during the passage of a polar front low in Central Europe? (1,00 P.)

 Backing wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front
 Backing wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front
 Veering wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front
 Veering wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front

A

Veering wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front

83
Q

Extensive high pressure areas can be found throughout the year … (1,00 P.)

 in areeas showing extensive lifting processes.
 in mid latitudes along the polar front
 over oceanic areas at latitues around 30°N/S.
 in tropical areas, close to the equator.

A

over oceanic areas at latitues around 30°N/S.

84
Q

What cloud type can typically be observed across widespread high pressure areas during summer? (1,00 P.)

 Overcast low stratus
 Scattered Cu clouds
 Overcast Ns clouds
 Squall lines and thunderstorms

A

Scattered Cu clouds

85
Q

What pressure pattern may result from cold-air inflow in high tropospheric layers? (1,00 P.)

 Formation of a low in the upper troposphere
 Formation of a high in the upper troposphere
 Formation of a large ground low
 Alternating pressure

A

Formation of a low in the upper troposphere

86
Q

Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in… (1,00 P.)

 showers and thunderstorms.
 stabilisation and calm weather.
 frontal weather.
 calm weather and cloud dissipation.

A

showers and thunderstorms.

87
Q

How does inflowing cold air affect the shape and vertical distance between pressure layers? (1,00 P.)

 Increasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)
 Decreasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)
 Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)
 Increase in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

A

Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure)

88
Q

What weather phenomena have to be expected around an upper-level trough? (1,00 P.)

 Calm wind, forming of shallow cumulus clouds
 Calm weather, formation of lifted fog layers
 Formation of high stratus clouds, ground-covering cloud bases
 Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb)

A

Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb)

89
Q

What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across Central Europe? (1,00 P.)

 Occlusion
 Cold front
 Polar front
 Warm front

A

Polar front

90
Q

What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during summer? (1,00 P.)

 Changing weather with passing of frontal lines
 Squall lines and thunderstorms
 Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog
 Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

A

Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu

91
Q

What weather conditions in Central Europe are typically found in high pressure areas during summer? (1,00 P.)

 Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems
 Large isobar spacing with strong prevailing westerly winds
 Small isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems
 Small isobar spacing with strong prevailing northerly winds

A

Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

92
Q

What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during winter? (1,00 P.)

 Changing weather with passing of frontal lines
 Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu
 Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog
 Squall lines and thunderstorms

A

Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

93
Q

What wind conditions can be expected in areas showing large distances between isobars? (1,00 P.)

 Formation of local wind systems with strong prevailing westerly winds
 Strong prevailing easterly winds with rapid backing
 Strong prevailing westerly winds with rapid veering
 Variable winds, formation of local wind systems

A

Variable winds, formation of local wind systems

94
Q

What weather conditions can be expected during “Foehn” on the windward side of a mountain range? (1,00 P.)

 Dissipating clouds with unusual warming, accompanied by strong, gusty winds
 Scattered cumulus clouds with showers and thunderstorms
 Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain
 Calm wind and forming of high stratus clouds (high fog)

A

Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain

95
Q

Which of the stated wind phenomena will increase in speed since its path is narrowed by mountains? (1,00 P.)
 Bora
 Mistral
 Scirocco
 Passat

A

Mistral

96
Q

What is the name of the the cold, katabatic wind phenomena blowing from northeast into the Adriatic Sea? (1,00 P.)

 Scirocco
 Mistral
 Bora
 Passat

A

Bora

97
Q

Which of the following conditions are most favourable for ice accretion? (1,00 P.)

 Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds)
 Temperaturs below 0° C, strong wind, sky clear of clouds
 Temperatures between +10° C and -30° C, presence of hail (clouds)
 Temperatures between -20° C and -40° C, presence of ice crystals (Ci clouds)

A

Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds)

98
Q

What temperatures are most dangerous with respect to airframe icing? (1,00 P.)

 +5° to -10° C
 0° to -12°C
 -20° to -40° C
 +20° to -5° C

A

0° to -12°C

99
Q

Which type of ice forms by very small water droplets and ice crystals hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? (1,00 P.)

 Clear ice
 Mixed ice
 Hoar frost
 Rime ice

A

Rime ice

100
Q

Which type of ice forms by large, supercooled droplets hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? (1,00 P.)

 Hoar frost
 Clear ice
 Rime ice
 Mixed ice

A

Clear ice

101
Q

What situation may result in the occurrence of severe wind shear? (1,00 P.)

 Flying ahead of a warm front with visible Ci clouds
 Cross-country flying below Cu clouds with about 4 octas coverage
 During final approach, 30 min after a heavy shower has passed the airfield
 When a shower is visible close to the airfield

A

When a shower is visible close to the airfield

102
Q

What conditions are favourable for the formation of thunderstorms? (1,00 P.)

 Warm humid air, conditionally unstable environmental lapse rate
 Calm winds and cold air, overcast cloud cover with St or As.
 Clear night over land, cold air and patches of fog
 Warm and dry air, strong inversion layer

A

Warm humid air, conditionally unstable environmental lapse rate

103
Q

What conditions are mandatory for the formation of thermal thunderstorms? (1,00 P.)

 Conditionally unstable atmosphere, low temperature and low humidity
 Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity
 Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and low humidity
 Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity

A

Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity

104
Q

With regard to thunderstorms, strong up- and downdrafts appear during the… (1,00 P.)

 initial stage.
 dissipating stage.
 mature stage.
 thunderstorm stage.

A

mature stage.

105
Q

Which stage of a thunderstorm is dominated by updrafts? (1,00 P.)

 Dissipating stage
 Upwind stage
 Mature stage
 Cumulus stage

A

Cumulus stage

106
Q

What danger is most immenent when an aircraft is hit by lightning? (1,00 P.)

 Rapid cabin depressurization and smoke in the cabin
 Surface overheat and damage to exposed aircraft parts
 Explosion of electrical equipment in the cockpit
 Disturbed radio communication, static noise signals

A

Surface overheat and damage to exposed aircraft parts

107
Q

Heavy downdrafts and strong wind shear close to the ground can be expected… (1,00 P.)

 during cold, clear nights with the formation of radiation fog.
 near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms.
 during approach to an airfield at the coast with a strong sea breeze.
 during warm summer days with high, flatted Cu clouds.

A

near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms.

108
Q

What phenomenon is caused by cold air downdrafts with precipitation from a fully developed thunderstorm cloud? (1,00 P.)

 Electrical discharge
 Anvil-head top of Cb cloud
 Gust front
 Freezing Rain

A

Gust front

109
Q

What has to be considered when taking off in a ground inversion? (1,00 P.)

 Climb should be performed with the lowest possible speed and maximum power
 Due to low temperatures close to the ground, icing has to be expected
 During climb, a sudden decrease in speed and climb performance has to be expected
 During the climb, a sudden increase in speed and climb performance has to be expected

A

During climb, a sudden decrease in speed and climb performance has to be expected

110
Q

What danger is most imminent during an approach to an airfield situated in a valley, with strong wind aloft blowing perpendicular to the mountain ridge? (1,00 P.)

 Reduced visibilty, maybe loss of sight to the airfield during final approach
 Formation of medium to heavy clear ice on all aircraft surfaces
 Heavy downdrafts within rainfall areas below thunderstorm clouds
 Wind shear during descent, wind direction may change by 180°

A

Wind shear during descent, wind direction may change by 180°

111
Q

What kind of reduction in visibility is not very sensitive to changes in temperature? (1,00 P.)

 Haze (HZ)
 Patches of fog (BCFG)
 Radiation fog (FG)
 Mist (BR)

A

Haze (HZ)

112
Q

Information about pressure patterns and frontal situation can be found in which chart? (1,00 P.)

 wind chart.
 surface weather chart.
 Significant Weather Chart (SWC).
 hypsometric chart.

A

surface weather chart.

113
Q

Which weather chart shows the actual air pressure as in MSL along with pressure centers and fronts? (1,00 P.)

 Hypsometric chart
 Surface weather chart
 Prognostic chart
 Wind chart

A

Surface weather chart

114
Q

What information can be obtained from satallite images? (1,00 P.)

 Temperature and dew point of environmental air
 Turbulence and icing
 Flight visibility, ground visibility, and ground contact
 Overview of cloud covers and front lines

A

Overview of cloud covers and front lines

115
Q

What chart shows areas of precipitation? (1,00 P.)

 GAFOR
 Wind chart
 Satellite picture
 Radar picture

A

Radar picture

116
Q

What information is NOT found on Low-Level Significant Weather Charts (LLSWC)? (1,00 P.)

 Information about icing conditions
 Radar echos of precipitation
 Information about turbulence areas
 Front lines and frontal displacements

A

Radar echos of precipitation

117
Q

Measured pressure distribution in MSL and corresponding frontal systems are displayed by the… (1,00 P.)

 prognostic chart.
 Significant Weather Chart (SWC).
 surface weather chart.
 hypsometric chart.

A

surface weather chart.

118
Q

In a METAR, “heavy rain” is designated by the identifier… (1,00 P.)

 RA.
 +SHRA.
 SHRA.
 +RA.

A

+RA.

119
Q

In a METAR, “(moderate) showers of rain” are designated by the identifier… (1,00 P.)

 +RA.
 SHRA.
 +TSRA.
 TS.

A

SHRA

120
Q

What information can be found in the ATIS, but not in a METAR? (1,00 P.)

 Information about current weather, for example types of precipitation
 Operational information such as runway in use and transition level
 Information about mean wind speeds, maximum speeds in gusts if applicable
 Approach information, such as ground visibility and cloud base

A

Operational information such as runway in use and transition level

121
Q

Weather and operational information about the destination aerodrome can be obtained during the flight by… (1,00 P.)

 VOLMET.
 PIREP.
 ATIS.
 SIGMET.

A

ATIS

122
Q

SIGMET warnings are issued for… (1,00 P.)

 specific routings.
 airports.
 FIRs / UIRs.
 countries.

A

FIRs / UIRs.

123
Q

An inversion is a layer … (1,00 P.)

 with increasing pressure with increasing height.
 with decreasing temperature with increasing height.
 with constant temperature with increasing height.
 with increasing temperature with increasing height.

A

with increasing temperature with increasing height.

124
Q

What can be expected for the prevailling wind with isobars on a surface weather chart showing large distances? (1,00 P.)

 Strong pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind
 Strong pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind
 Low pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind
 Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind

A

Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind

125
Q

What is referred to as mountain wind? (1,00 P.)

 Wind blowing uphill from the valley during daytime.
 Wind blowing uphill from the valley during the night.
 Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night
 Wind blowing down the mountain side during daytime.

A

Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night

126
Q

Under which conditions “back side weather” (“Rückseitenwetter”) can be expected? (1,00 P.)

 before passing of an occlusion
 During Foehn at the lee side
 After passing of a warm front
 After passing of a cold front

A

After passing of a cold front

127
Q

What wind is reportet as 225/15 ? (1,00 P.)
 north-east wind with 15 kt
 south-west wind with 15 km/h
 north-east wind with 15 km/h
 south-west wind with 15 kt

A

south-west wind with 15 kt

128
Q

How does air temperatur change in ISA from MSL to approx. 10.000 m height? (1,00 P.)

 from +20° to -40°C
 from +30° to -40°C
 from -15° to 50°C
 from +15° to -50°C

A

from +15° to -50°C

129
Q

What weather is likely to be experienced during “Foehn” in the Bavarian area close to the alps? (1,00 P.)

 High pressure area overhead Biskaya and low pressure area in Eastern Europe
 Cold, humid downhill wind on the lee side of the alps, flat pressure pattern
 Nimbostratus cloud in the northern alps, rotor clouds at the windward side, warm and dry wind
 Nimbostratus cloud in the southern alps, rotor clouds at the lee side, warm and dry wind

A

Nimbostratus cloud in the southern alps, rotor clouds at the lee side, warm and dry wind

130
Q

Mountain side updrafts can be intensified by … (1,00 P.)

 Solar irradiation on the windward side
 Solar irradiation on the lee side
 By warming of upper atmospheric layers
 thermal radiation of the windward side during the night

A

Solar irradiation on the windward side

PPL Theory (9 decks)

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