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Earth Sciences > Meteorolgy > Flashcards

Meteorolgy Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 gases dominate the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen and Oxygen

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2
Q

The proportional volume of gas composing dry air

A

Atmosphere

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3
Q

3 variable components of the atmosphere

A

Water vapour, aeorsols, and ozone

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4
Q

How high up is the atmosphere’s makeup very stable worldwide?

A

About 80 km

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5
Q

What does ozone abosrb?

A

UV

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6
Q

What variable component absorbs, reflects, and scatters solar radiation?

A

Aerosols

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7
Q

What variable component can absorb and transfer heat?

A

Water vapour

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8
Q

4 atmospheric layers in ascending order

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere

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9
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the Stratosphere?

A

Increases

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10
Q

Does the temp increase or decrease with altitude in the Mesosphere?

A

Decreases

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11
Q

Does the temp increase or decrease with altitude in the Thermosphere?

A

Increases

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12
Q

Which atmospheric layer holds the highest concentration of ozone?

A

The stratosphere

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13
Q

True or False: Air pressure changes with altitude

A

True

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14
Q

Does the number of molecules increase or decrease with height in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Where are the majority of gases that make up the atmosphere located?

A

Near Earth’s surface

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16
Q

3 ways that energy flows

A

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

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17
Q

How much of solar radiation is absorbed by clouds and the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

A fraction of total radiation that is reflected by a surface

A

Albedo

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19
Q

Albedo

A

Fraction of total radiation that is reflected by a surface

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20
Q

Some outgoing, long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases, which reradiate some energy Earthward

A

Greenhouse effect

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21
Q

What is the approximate albedo of snow?

A

50-90%

22
Q

What is the approximate albedo of asphalt?

A

5-10%

23
Q

What type of radiation does water vapour absorb?

A

Infrared

24
Q

What type of radiation does Oxygen and Ozone absorb

A

UV

25
Q

What 3 factors influence amount of solar radiation received in different places around the globe?

A

Latitude, Season, and Time of day

26
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

27
Q

Liquid to Gas

A

Evaporation

28
Q

Gas to Solid

A

Deposition

29
Q

Solid to Gas

A

Sublimation

30
Q

What does the saturation of air with water vapour depend on?

A

Temperature

31
Q

Temperature at which a parcel of air reaches saturation

A

Dew point

32
Q

What does air become when dew point is above freezing?

A

Dew, fog, or cloud

33
Q

What does air become when dew point is below freezing?

A

Frost

34
Q

Occurs without the transfer of heat or mass between a system and its environment

A

Adiabatic temperature changes

35
Q

When air is forced to rise over a mountainous barrier

A

Orthographic lifting

36
Q

When warmer, less dense air is forced over cooler, denser air

A

Frontal lifting

37
Q

Air parcels meet and pile up, resulting in upward movement

A

Convergence

38
Q

Unequal surface heating causes localized pockets of air to rise because of their buoyancy

A

Localized convective lifting

39
Q

How clouds are classified

A

By how they appear when viewed from Earth

40
Q

What is the ultimate energy source for most wind?

A

Solar radiation

41
Q

Result of horizontal differences in air pressure

A

Wind

42
Q

Air flows from areas of…

A

…higher pressure to areas of lower pressure

43
Q

3 factors that control wind

A

Pressure gradient force, Coriolis Effect, and friction

44
Q

When air is subjected to unequal pressures on different sides, the imbalance produces a force directed from the region of higher pressure toward the area of lower pressure

A

Pressure gradient force

45
Q

What lowers windspeed and reduces the Coriolis Effect?

A

Friction

46
Q

Lines connecting places of equal air pressure (on a map)

A

Isobars

47
Q

Where is friction at a minimum?

A

Over water

48
Q

Where is friction at a maximum?

A

Over mountainous regions

49
Q

In which hemisphere is circulating air diverted to the right?

A

The northern hemisphere

50
Q

In which hemisphere is circulating air diverted to the left?

A

The southern hemisphere

Earth Sciences (4 decks)

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