Metaux lourds Flashcards
que sont les metaux lourds les plus dangereux
Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Cu
quelle st la différence entre metal et metalloide
Donne un exemple
Les métalloïdes correspondent à un groupe d’éléments qui partagent certaines propriétés avec les métaux et d’autres avec les non-métaux.
l’arsenic 33As, l’antimoine 51Sb et le tellure 52Te. Cinq autres sont moins fréquemment classés parmi les métalloïdes : le carbone 6C, l’aluminium 13Al, le sélénium 34
que font les metaux essentiels
ce sont des co facteurs pour certaines proteines
Comment les metaux lourds perurbent les processus metabolic, tissue, cell and organ detoxification
interferent avec les organelles de la cellules, comme le reticulum endoplasmique, lysosome mitochondrial, membrane des celluls
How redox inactive metals can induce ROS
redox-inactive metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and others, deplete cells’ major antioxidants, particularly thiol-containing antioxidants and enzymes.
Quel est le danger d’une haute quantité de Ferre ?
Iron is well known for its reactivity with peroxide, generating the highly reactive hydroxyl radical through so-called Fenton chemistry. Manganese
Que sont des antioxidants ?
Quelle est l’importance du manganese pour le corps ? ses dangers ?
Without the deleterious side effects of Fenton chemistry, manganese can safely operate as a cofactor for superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 enzymes and also provide oxidative stress resistance through formation of non-proteinaceous manganese-based antioxidants.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that is involved in the synthesis and activation of many enzymes and in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose and lipids in humans. In addition, Mn is one of the required components for Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) that is mainly responsible for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondrial oxidative stress.
. Importantly, Mn is an essential component of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress (Budinger et al., 2021). However, excess Mn itself can cause oxidative stress. Manganese produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative damage to nerve cells by increasing ROS levels in the central nervous system (CNS) (Peng et al., 2020). Mn-induced mitochondrial damage significantly contributes to the increase of ROS levels, because Mn inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production increases electron leakage and ROS production (Huang et al., 2021). In addition to the direct production of ROS, Mn further aggravates Mn’s oxidative damage by reducing the synthesis of the oxidative scavenger glutathione (GSH), which dysregulates the antioxidant defense system, thereby depleting its levels. In addition, in the brains of Mn-treated rats, GSH levels decreased as glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations increased, suggesting that Mn exposure increased oxidative stress.
Quell eest la relation entre Mn Fe et SOD?
Certain SOD utilisent les MN et Fe comme co-facteurs
explique la reaction de feton
he Fenton reaction involves the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous iron (Fe2+). This produces either ferric iron (Fe3+), hydroxide, and hydroxyl radical, or a ferryl oxoiron species ([Fe=O]2+) and water. Ferric iron can be reduced back to ferrous iron by superoxide, and the ferryl oxoiron species can be converted back to ferrous iron by hydrogen peroxide
Quel est le role de l,espace de bowman ? que sont les conséquences s’il est reduit ou aggrandit
The capsule helps the glomerulus to filter blood. L’espace de Bowman permet la filtration du sang dans les reins. Sa réduction diminue la filtration, tandis que son agrandissement peut signaler un dysfonctionnement rénal.
Que sont les fonctions des hepatocytes
Hepatocytes are the parenchymal cells of the liver and perform the numerous vital functions of this organ, including blood detoxification, hemostasis regulation, bile production and storage and production of circulating lipids
que sont les fonctions des lamelles primaires et secondaires
he primary gill lamellae (also called gill filament) extends from the gill arch, and the secondary gill lamellae extends from the primary gill lamellae. Gas exchange primarily occurs at the secondary gill lamellae, where the tissue is notably only one cell layer thick.
comment on voit un aptoptose sur un tissus
degradation, pyknose —-
que sont les avantages et les inconvenients de l’immunofluorescence, le western blot et tunnel
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