Biologie Cellulaire Flashcards
Whats is pycnose
Altération du noyau de la cellule qui se présente sous la forme d’une masse condensée.—
difference apoptose et necrose
La nécrose est une mort cellulaire non programmée souvent causée par des dommages aigus, tels qu’une blessure ou une infection, entraînant une inflammation et la destruction de larges zones de tissu. L’apoptose est une mort cellulaire programmée, hautement régulée, qui permet à la cellule de se dégrader sans provoquer d’inflammation
how fibrosis happen
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Multiple-steps-from-inflammation-to-fibrosis_fig1_316362428
what are heavy metal
“metallic elements that have an atomic
mass greater than 20 and a density greater than 5 g/cm3
Cites les metaux essentiels pour les poissons
copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), molybdenum
(Mo), and iron (Fe), have important biological functions. in the case of deficiency or significant increase, they can become toxic.
Que sont les metaux non essentiels
in the case of deficiency or significant increase, they can become toxic.
Ag, Al, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Sr
Est ce eux les métaux dans l’eau se dégrade avec le temps
These contaminants are not naturally degraded over time,
remaining in water or sediment for a long time
De quoi dépend l’accumulation des métaux dans les poissons
The accumulation
of metals in fish can vary according to à
-the degree of exposure,
(. the concentration of pollutants)
-, the duration of exposure, and water
parameters ( such as pH, hardness, organic matter, temperature, and
salinity )
- according to the
biological characteristics of the fish, ( age, length, weight, feeding
habits, habitat, and metabolic status )
Où les polluants s’accumulent dans le corps des poissons
In general, these pollutants tend to accumulate in
metabolically active tissues such as the liver, spleen, gills, and kidneys
and can affect enzymatic and metabolic activity,
Cites les ROS principaux produtis par les métaux
superoxide (O2●) hydroxyl (OH●), and alkoxyl (RO●) and the
non-radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO ).
Comment les ROS sont produits ?
ROS can be generated both via cellular reactions and as a result of electrochemical (corrosion) and metal release reactions taking place on metallic NPs or biomaterials in biological settings. —
How metals can be involved in oxidative
damage.
- Metals that do not have redox potential (Pb, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg)
promote the depletion of sulfhydryl cell reserves, which is indirectly
linked to the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and
hydrogen peroxide. these metals can decrease the action of antioxidant defenses containing
thiol groups and enzymes
Metals that have
redox potential (Cr, Cu, and Fe) can produce ROS through the redox
cycle and Fenton reactions (
Que sont les métaux qui n’ont pas de potentiel Redox ?
Que font ils ?
-Pb, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg
- DÉFINITION
- promote the depletion of sulfhydryl cell reserves, which is indirectly
linked to the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and
hydrogen peroxide.
Est ce que tous les métaux peuvent faire des ROS
No. Metals that have
redox potential (Cr, Cu, and Fe) can produce ROS through the redox
cycle and Fenton reactions
Resume le redox cyle et Fenton Reactions