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PHIL 1301 > Metaphysics Exam Review > Flashcards

Metaphysics Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

The view that things (or, at the extreme, all things) are alive. It may also be the view that the universe as a whole is one organism

A

Animism

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2
Q

The study of the origins of the universe, Greek Kosmogonia (from Kosmos + Gonos offspring)

A

Cosmogony

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3
Q

The study of the universe and asks questions about how substance came into being and where substances are located

A

Cosmology

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4
Q

Doing the right thing in spite of your fear

A

Courage

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5
Q

The view that every event in the universe is dependent upon other events, which are its causes. On this view, all human actions and decisions, even those that we would normally describe as “free” and “undetermined,” are totally dependent on prior events that caused them

A

Determinism

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6
Q

In general, the distinction between mind and body as separate substances, or a very different kinds of states and events with radically different properties

A

Dualism

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7
Q

This is the motion or action that begins the substance 

A

Efficient Cause

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8
Q

This is the form of the substance - the blueprint if you will

A

Formal Cause

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9
Q

This is the function or purpose of the substance

A

Final Cause

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10
Q

An independently existing entity in the world of Being, which determines the nature of the particular things of this world that “participate” in it

A

Form

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11
Q

This is the matter that makes up the substance

A

Material Cause

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12
Q

The metaphysical view that only minds and their ideas exist

A

Idealism

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13
Q

The world is ultimately organized so the world is ultimately laws

A

Immaterialism

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14
Q

Science, art, practical wisdom, intuitive reason, philosophical wisdom, understanding, judgment

A

Intellectual Virtues

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15
Q

Abstraction, then understanding

A

Intelligible Things

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16
Q

Setting the world right

A

Justice

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17
Q

The world, at its base, is made of stuff

A

Materialism

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18
Q

Stuff of the universe

A

Matter

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19
Q

The simple immaterial substances that are the ultimate constituents of all reality

A

Monad

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20
Q

That which makes up the universe is reducible to a single item

A

Monism

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21
Q

Courage, temperance, liberality, magnificence, pride, ambition, good temper, friendliness, truthfulness, ready wit, justice

A

Moral Virtues

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22
Q

The study of being

What is the universe made of?

Cosmology and Cosmogony

A

Ontology

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23
Q

The belief that God is identical to the universe as a whole, everything is divine, or that God is in everything

A

Pantheism

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24
Q

That which makes up the universe is reduceable to many (two) items

A

Pluralism

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25
Q

is that which stands alone. It is independent being. A horse, a tree and a human

A

Primary Substances

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26
Q

There must be a reason for everything. Even God must have a reason for creating

A

The Principle of Sufficient Reason (Lecture)

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27
Q

No 2 things can possibly have all of the same properties or be absolutely identical in all respects

A

Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles

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28
Q

What Aristotle called the “species” and “genus” to which a thing belongs in these are less real

A

Secondary Substances

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29
Q

Both form and matter

A

Substance

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30
Q

The universe as a whole and all things in it have a purpose, a goal

A

Teleology

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31
Q

Responding properly to the world

A

Temperance

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32
Q

There is an ___ underlying all individual selves and things that is beyond our ‘normal’ capacity to grasp — understand

A

Unity

33
Q

They exist in a separate realm beyond our natural senses, described as metaphysical realism

A

Universal

34
Q

That noble part of us that is praised, admired, and sought after. The means by which the good is reached. It is, in part, the moral component of metaphysics

A

Virtue

35
Q

Images only, and then personal examination

A

Visible Things

36
Q

Knowledge rightly applied

A

Wisdom

37
Q
  • What is the nature of reality?
  • What are the basic ways of being? What are the fundamental components of reality? What is it to exist (as opposed to not exist)
A

2 Major Divisions of Metaphysics

38
Q

The first Greek thinker to Break with common sense and religion and offer a general theory about the ultimate nature of reality

A

Thales

39
Q

Wisdom, courage, and temperance, in proper proportion with wisdom in charge, pointed toward the good, produces justice

A

The Goal of Philosophy for the Individual

40
Q
  • Wisdom
  • Courage
  • Temperance
  • Justice
A

The 4 Socratic Virtues

41
Q
  • Moral Virtues

- Intellectual Virtues

A

Categories of Virtues

42
Q

Was foundational in establishing the integrated philosophical enterprise

A

Plato’s Contribution

43
Q
  • Numbers and math

- “we need a universal language”

A

Pythagoras

44
Q
  • Logos and chaos

- made Plato a dualist

A

Heraclitus

45
Q
  • Humanist

- philosophy must always include ethics

A

Socrates

46
Q
  • the universe is a single, unknowable, changing thing

- Knowledge has to be eternal and unchanging

A

Parmenides

47
Q
  • Pythagoras
  • Heraclitus
  • Socrates
  • Parmenides
A

Influences on Plato

48
Q

Begins with education through play

A

Plato’s 1st Step for Education

49
Q

Arithmetic, plane geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, and harmonics

A

Plato’s 2nd Step for Education

50
Q

Dialectic. After they demonstrate a certain level of maturity

A

Plato’s 3rd Step for Education

51
Q

Practice argument and dialectic lead a life of service

A

Plato’s 4th Step for Education

52
Q

Inquire about the nature of the universals — the good

A

Plato’s 5th Step for Education

53
Q
  1. Social
  2. Science
  3. Dialectic
  4. Life of Service
  5. Nature of universals — the good
A

Plato’s 5 Step Process of Coming to Knowledge

54
Q
  • Cosmology

- Cosmogony

A

The 2 Metaphysical Components

55
Q
  1. Understanding — Forms
  2. Thought — Abstraction
  3. Belief — Object
  4. Imagination — Images
A

The 4 Divisions of the Divided Line

56
Q

First to distinguish branches of inquiry

A

Aristotle

57
Q

The thing that is properly referred to by a noun

A

Aristotle’s 1st Description of Substance

58
Q

What underlies all Of the properties and changes in something

A

Aristotle’s 2nd Description for Substance

59
Q

What is essential

A

Aristotle’s 3rd Description for Substance

60
Q
  • Material Cause
  • Efficient Cause
  • Final Cause
  • Formal Cause
A

The 4 Aristotelian Causes

61
Q

That which makes basic life possible (plant or animal)

A

Nutritive

62
Q

That which gives a substance it’s passions, will, desires, etc.

A

Appetitive

63
Q

The ability to receive and respond to sense data

A

Sensitive

64
Q

That which enables a substance to move by its own volition

A

Locomotive

65
Q

That unique quality in humanity to think, imagine, abstract

A

Rational

66
Q
  • Nutritive
  • Appetitive
  • Sensitive
  • Locomotive
  • Rational
A

Aristotelian Powers or the Soul

67
Q
  • Memory
  • Language
  • Imagination
  • Will
  • Reason
  • Perception
  • Emotion
A

Functions of the Mind

68
Q

Presupposed space was a permanent container in time exist apart from anything happening in it

A

Newton

69
Q

Believed that, since only monads are real substances, and ‘space’ is simply the relation of objects not something-in-itself; ditto for time

A

Leibniz

70
Q

A radical determinist, assures us that we can, with heroic effort, understand the nature of this determinism and accepted gracefully

A

Spinoza

71
Q

Can be created or destroyed but not by “natural” means

A

Leibniz’s Monads

72
Q

Has a further implication: it serves as a principal of divine ethics

A

The Principle of Sufficient Reason (Textbook)

73
Q

Aristotle’s conception of substance is divided into 2 sorts of universe

  • Minds
  • Bodies

God is a third substance

A

The Center of Descartes’ Metaphysics

74
Q

The most important of the Buddha’s teachings

A

The Four Noble Truths

75
Q

All existence is suffering

A

First Noble Truth

76
Q

The root of suffering is desire, attachment, and personal clinging

A

Second Noble Truth

77
Q

there is a way to eliminate desire, and thereby eliminate suffering, namely, nibbana

A

Third Noble Truth

78
Q

The way to this supreme good is The Eightfold Noble Path

A

Fourth Noble Truth

79
Q

Thought, resolve, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration or meditation

A

The Eightfold Noble Path

PHIL 1301 (3 decks)

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