Metals, Ores and Alloys

Question 0

What happens at the smelter?

Answer 0

The ore is crushed down and concentrated to removed rock with little or no metal

Question 1

What is reduction?

Answer 1

Converting the metal oxide the oxygen must be removed

Question 2

What is electrolysis?

Answer 2

Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through a moult on metal compound, splitting it into its metal and non metal elements

Question 3

What is aggregate?

Answer 3

Large stones/rocks courser that sand

Question 4

What is an ore?

Answer 4

A metal that occurs naturally in rocks

Question 5

What is haematite?

Answer 5

Fe2O3

Question 6

What is magnetite?

Answer 6

Fe3O4

Question 7

What is the reactivity series?

Answer 7

Is a way of organising metals in increasing reactivity

Question 8

In the 1800s what did the discovery of electricity mean?

Answer 8

Many more metals were discovered

Question 9

How are metals above carbon in the reactivity series extracted?

Answer 9

Electrolysis

Question 10

Before metals are smelted, what do they need to be reacted with?

Answer 10

Oxygen to create a metal oxide

Question 11

Why is limestone added during reduction?

Answer 11

To remove impurities in the ore and forming slag

Question 12

How are metal atoms arranged?

Answer 12

In giant structures in regular rows and layers

Question 13

Metals can bend because…

Answer 13

The layers can slide over each other, the atoms remain bonded

Question 14

Metals conduct electricity because…

Answer 14

Some of their outer electrons are free to move through the layers

Question 15

How do you make metals harder

Answer 15

By mixing them, creating alloys

Question 16

What are alloys?

Answer 16

Mixtures not compounds

Question 17

What is obtained from malachite

Answer 17

Copper

Question 18

What is the useful compound found in malachite

Answer 18

Copper carbonate

Question 19

What are smart alloys?

Answer 19

They remember their original shape and when warmed they return to that shape

Question 20

What is an oxidisation reaction?

Answer 20

It occurs when oxygen is added to a substance

Question 21

What is a reduction reaction?

Answer 21

It occurs her oxygen is removed from a substance

Question 22

What are stainless steels properties

Answer 22

Non corrosive and does not rust

Question 23

Name one metal added to steel and the properties it gives

Answer 23

Chromium and/or nickel- more corrosion resistance
Manganese- more strength and hardness
Molybdenum and/or tungsten- more strength, hardness and toughness
Vanadium- more strength, less brittle

Question 24

How is copper purified?

Answer 24

Electrolysis

Question 25

How is copper extracted from low grade ores?

Answer 25

Bio leaching or phytomining

Question 26

What is bio leaching

Answer 26

Some bacteria absorb copper compounds and then produce solutions called leachates which contain copper compounds, the copper is now soluble

Question 27

What is phytomining

Answer 27

Plants absorb copper compounds thought their roots, they concentrate these compounds as a result. The plants are burned to produce ash that contains copper compounds

Question 28

How is aluminium extracted?

Answer 28

Electrolysis

Question 29

How reactive are aluminium and titanium?

Answer 29

Very reactive yet resist corrosion

Question 30

What happens when titanium and aluminium react with oxygen?

Answer 30

They form an oxide layer on the surface preventing any further reactions

Question 31

What effects do metal mining have on the environment? Give one example

Answer 31

• Destroys the landscape, wildlife habitats and displaces locals
• Using carbon to reduce metal ores produces CO2, makes the atmospheres CO2 levels rise
• Smelting using sulphur produces sulphur dioxide, which causes acid rain