Metals And Reactivity Series

Question 1

State the gas produced when metals react with acids

Answer 1

Hydrogen gas

Question 2

How do you test for hydrogen gas

Answer 2

Squeaky pop test - lit splint in a test tube will make a squeaky pop if hydrogen is present

Question 3

Describe how to amount of fizzing can be linked to metal reactivity

Answer 3

The more reactive a metal is, the more vigorous the fizzing will be

Question 4

What are groups on the periodic table

Answer 4

Groups are all the elements going horizontally on the periodic table and the group number determines how many outer shell electrons the element has

Question 5

What are periods on the periodic table

Answer 5

Periods are the vertical elements on the periodic table and the period number determines how many shells the element has

Question 6

What are the reactions of group 1 metals (alkali metals)
Lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, caesium

Answer 6

Lithium - effervescence, water turns dark blue (alkali produced), floating
Sodium - effervescence, becomes circular, floats
Rubidium - reacts immediately, sets alight, explosion
Potassium - lilac flame, floats
Caesium - instant reaction, largest explosion

Question 7

Describe how the reactivity changes down the group and why

Answer 7

The reactivity increases as you go down the group 1 metals. This is because the atoms get larger and the outer electron gets further from the nucleus so the attraction is weaker

Question 8

Describe how the temperature change from displacement reactions can be linked to reactivity

Answer 8

The more reactive the metal, the higher the temperature rise because during displacement reactions, there is a temperature rise

Question 9

Name metals and their properties and uses

Answer 9

Iron - high melting point, cookware
Aluminium - malleable, kitchen utensils
Copper - malleable and electrical conducted, electrical wire
Tungsten - highest tensile strength, mining

Question 10

What is a metal ‘ore’

Answer 10

A rock containing enough metal metal to make it economical to extract the metal

Question 11

Why is gold relatively easy to extract?

Answer 11

Because it is a natural element and is not reactive

Question 12

What is a displacement reaction

Answer 12

A reaction where a more reactive metal removes a less reactive metal from its compound

Question 13

How is carbon used in displacement reactions

Answer 13

Carbon is used to extract metals, where the carbon is oxidised and the metal is reduced

Question 14

How are metals in the reactivity extracted

Answer 14

Most reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis
Metals below carbon are reduced with carbon
Metals below hydrogen don’t need extracting

Question 15

What is an alloy

Answer 15

A mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal

Question 16

What are the benefits of using metal alloys over pure metals

Answer 16

Alloys have atoms that are different sizes and random, therefore the layers of atoms cannot slide over eachother and means that alloys are stronger than pure metals

Question 17

How are metals bonded

Answer 17

The atoms are arranged in a regular pattern and have delocalised, free electrons, which results in the metals being electrical conductors

Question 18

How are pure metals malleable

Answer 18

Pure metals have lay re of positive ions that can move past eachother, and therefore are malleable

Question 19

How do metals have high melting points in terms of atoms

Answer 19

Metallic bonds are so strong that large amounts of heat energy is needed