Metals And Non-Metals

Question 1

Physical property of metals.

Answer 1

• Lustrous (in pure state)
• Sonorous
• Generally hard (varies from metal to metal)
• Malleability (Au & Ag the most)
• Ductile (Au the most)
• Good conductors of heat (Au and Cu the most)
• High m.p
• Conduct electricity

Question 2

Liquid non-metal

Answer 2

Bromine

Question 3

Exception to solid metals at room temperature

Answer 3

Mercury

Question 4

Metals with low m.p

Answer 4

Gallium and Caesium (and Li, Na, K)

Question 5

Metals which are poor conductors of electricity

Answer 5

Lead and Mercury

Question 6

Lustrous non-metal

Answer 6

Iodine

Question 7

Hard non-metal

Answer 7

Diamond

Question 8

Non-metal electrical conductor

Answer 8

Graphite

Question 9

Soft metals

Answer 9

Alkali metals like Na, Li and K. They also have low densities.

Question 10

Metal + Oxygen

Answer 10

Metal Oxide

Question 11

A black oxide

Answer 11

Copper (II) oxide

Question 12

Amphoteric oxides

Answer 12

React with acids as well as bases to produce salts and water.

Eg. Aluminium Oxide and Zinc Oxide

Question 13

Are metal oxides soluble in water?

Answer 13

Most are insoluble, but some dissolve to form alkalis. Eg. Na2O and K2O

Question 14

Do all metals react with Oxygen at the same rate?

Answer 14

No; K and Na catch fire in the open; Mg, Al, Zn, Pb form a protective layer of oxide; Fe filings burn vigorously when sprinkled in burner flame; hot Cu is coated with II Oxide; Au and Ag don’t react.

Question 15

What is anodising?

Answer 15

A process of forming a thick oxide layer of aluminium, which makes it resistant to corrosion.

Question 16

How is anodising done?

Answer 16

Aluminium article is the anode and is electrolysed with H2SO4. O2 evolved at anode oxidise. This oxide layer can be dyed easily.

Question 17

Metal + Water

Answer 17

Metal Oxide + Hydrogen

Question 18

Metal Oxide + Water

Answer 18

Metal Hydroxide

Question 19

Na/K + H2O (Cole)

Answer 19

Highly exothermic,

K/Na OH + H2 + Heat energy
Heat energy –> hydrogen catches fire

Question 20

Ca + Water

Answer 20

Heat evolved not enough for H2 to catch fire. Ca starts floating because H2 bubbles stuck to the surface.

Question 21

Mg + hot water

Answer 21

Floating

Question 22

Al, Fe and Zn with water

Answer 22

No reaction; only with steam.

Question 23

Pb, Cu, Au and Ag with water

Answer 23

No reaction.

Question 24

Metal + Nitric acid

Answer 24

No H2 gas, because HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent that oxidises the H2 to water, and itself gets reducers to N2O, NO, or NO2. Only Mg and Mn react to evolve H2.

Question 25

What is Aqua regia?

Answer 25

Concentrated HCl : HNO3 :: 3:1. Dissolves gold and platinum. Highly fuming and corrosive.

Question 26

Reactivity series mnemonic

Answer 26

Please Sir Lancelot, Can My Alligator Zoom In (To) Learn? He Could Make Sharks Gay.

Question 27

Electronic configuration of metals

Answer 27

Need to lose electrons.

Question 28

Electron configuration of non-metals

Answer 28

Need to gain electrons.

Question 29

Does NaCl exist as molecules?

Answer 29

No, exists as aggregates of oppositely charged ions.

Question 30

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 30

Compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal.

Question 31

Positively charged ion

Answer 31

Cation.

Question 32

Negatively charged ion

Answer 32

Anion.

Question 33

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 33

• Solid and hard
• Brittle
• High m.p and b.p
• Soluble in water
• Insoluble in kerosene, petrol, etc.
• Conduct electricity in molten state

Question 34

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state?

Answer 34

The electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions are overcome due to the heat.