Metals and Non-Metals

Question 1

Describe The Difference Between Metals And Non-Metals

Answer 1

Metals:
- Elements on the LEFT of the Periodic Table
- Lustrous
- Malleable
- Ductile
- HIGH melting and boiling points
- Conductors

Non-metals:
- Elements on the RIGHT of the Periodic Table
- Dull
- Brittle
- Not ductile
- LOW melting and boiling points
- Insulator

Question 2

Describe the physical properties of metals (malleable, ductile, structure, electrical conductivity, colour, lustre).

Answer 2

• Can move when hammered into a new shape or drawn into a wire
• Because the forces holding the lattice together are “non-directional”.
• Metals conduct electricity, as the electrons are free to move and carry the charge with them.
• Metals are usually silver with the exception of copper (Red/Pink/Orange) and gold, and lustrous when polished.

Question 3

Define malleable

Answer 3

Beaten/Hammered into a sheet or other shapes

Question 4

Define ductile

Answer 4

Draw into a wire

Question 5

Define lustre

Answer 5

Shiny when polished, reflects light

Question 6

Describe the chemical properties of metals’ reactivity with oxygen.

Answer 6

React to form metal oxide, we can see this by the

Question 7

Define the activity series

Answer 7

The activity series arranges metals in order of reactivity (most reactive to least reactive). Read from left to right (most reactive at the left-hand side).

Question 8

Write word and balanced symbol equations for reactions of metals with Oxygen

Answer 8

Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide

Question 9

Write word and balanced symbol equations for reactions of metals with Water

Answer 9

Metal + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 10

Write word and balanced symbol equations for reactions of metals with Acid

Answer 10

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

Question 11

Define a displacement reaction.

Answer 11

A metal (solid) and an ionic solution (Aqueous) react - spontaneously. The metal and metal ion swap places, “Displace”. For the displacement reaction to occur, the metal solid must be higher in the reactivity series than the metal ion. (Low = No)

Question 12

Define an alloy.

Answer 12

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in a solid, where the major component is a metal.

Question 13

Define an allotrope.

Answer 13

An allotrope is different forms of the same element. Atoms are combined or arranged in different ways.

Question 14

Name the allotropes of carbon.

Answer 14

Diamond, Graphite, Buckyballs and Graphene

Question 15

Name the allotropes of Oxygen

Answer 15

Oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3)

Question 16

Name the allotropes of Sulfur

Answer 16

Rhombic, Monoclinic and Plastic

Question 17

Describe the Atomic Structure of Carbon

Answer 17

• Diamond: Each carbon single bonded to four other carbons (Creating a 3-D lattice structure)
• Graphite: Each carbon single bonded to three other atoms (Creating layers of carbon atoms that are arranged in hexagonal rings)
• Graphene: Each carbon single bonded to three other atoms (Creating a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal rings)
• Buckyballs: Each carbon single bonded to three other atoms (Creating a Spherical Structure)

Question 18

Describe the Atomic Structure of Nitrogen

Answer 18

Two nitrogen atoms bonded with triple bonds

Question 19

Describe the Atomic Structure of Oxygen

Answer 19

Two oxygen atoms bonded with double bonds

Question 19

Describe the Atomic Structure of sulfur

Answer 19

Eight sulfur atoms bonded with single bonds

Question 19

Describe the uses of the gas nitrogen

Answer 19

Fertilising

Question 19

Describe the Atomic Structure of Chlorine

Answer 19

Two chlorine atoms bonded with single bonds

Question 20

Describe the uses of the gas chlorine

Answer 20

Antiseptic

Question 20

Describe the uses of the gas oxygen

Answer 20

Breathing aid