Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Define Combination Reactions
Two elements react to produce a single, more complex compound.
A + B → AB
Define Decomposition Reaction
When a compound breaks down into its component elements or simpler elements. AB → A + B
Define Precipitation Reaction
Where two ionic solutions are mixed and an insoluble solid (precipitate) forms. AB + CD → AD + CB
Define Ionic Bonding
When a metal reacts with a non-metal to form an ionic compound. This reaction needs heat. Use the table of ions. Metal transfers electrons to non-metal. The attraction between positive and negative is called electrostatic. It has high melting points and boiling points.
Define Covalent Bonding
When a non-metal reacts with a non-metal to form a covalent compound. This reaction needs heat. Just “smoosh” the elements together. Bonds between molecules are called covalent bonds, which are very strong. Forces between molecules are intermolecular forces, these are very weak. It has low melting points and Boiling points.
Intermolecular forces hold discreet molecules together. Discreet molecules have covalent bonds.
Decompose Metal Hydroxide
Metal Hydroxide → metal oxide + water
Decompose Metal Hydroxide
Metal Carbonate → Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
Decompose Metal Hydroxide
Metal Hydrogen Carbonate → Metal Oxide + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Proof test for Carbon dioxide
Lime water (CaCO3) proves CO2 → Limewater turns milky
Proof test for Oxygen
Glowing splint test proves O2 → Splint relights
Proof test for Water
Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) proves H2O → Blue Paper turns Pink
Proof Test for Hydrogen
“Squeaky Pop” test proves H2 → Will “Pop”
Catalyst
E.G. 2H2O2 → MnO2→ 2H2O +O2
- Speeds up the rate of reaction
- Not used up in a reaction
- Provides alternate pathways
- While lowering activation energy
Why do precipitates form in Precipitate reactions?
