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RUSVM Tox by section > Metals and Minerals > Flashcards

Metals and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Which the following is LEAST likely a source of lead toxicosis in cattle?

a. insecticide
b. storage batteries
c. contaminated pasture
d. paint
e. none of the above

A

a. insecticide

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2
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a likely clinical feature of lead toxicosis in cattle?

a. blindness
b. anorexia
c. hemorrhagic diarrhea
d. rumen atony
e. convulsive seizures

A

c. hemorrhagic diarrhea

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3
Q

What is the sample of choice for detection of lead to submit to a laboratory to help confirm toxicosis in a puppy?

a. vomitus
b. serum
c. urine
d. whole blood
e. toe nails

A

d. whole blood

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4
Q

Inhibition of lipoic acid which results in inhibition of citric acid cycle is the mechanism of action of

a. zinc
b. trivalent arsenic
c. arsanilic acid
d. iron
e. copper

A

b. trivalent arsenic

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5
Q

Which of the following are LEAST likely clinical signs of acute inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

a. The onset is rapid and the course of the disease is rapid
b. profuse watery diarrhea sometimes tinged with blood
c. severe colic, dehydration, and weakness
d. prominent nervous signs including excitement and convulsions
e. sudden death in peracute cases

A

d. prominent nervous signs including excitement and convulsions

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6
Q

The metal toxicosis LEAST likely to cause signs of gastroenteritis is

a. lead
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. organic arsenic feed additives
e. iron

A

d. organic arsenic feed additives

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7
Q

Decreased hepatic copper may be used in the laboratory diagnosis of chronic toxicosis with

a. lead
b. zinc
c. inorganic aresenic
d. organic arsenic
e. none of the above

A

b. zinc

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8
Q

All of the following are clinical signs of arsanilic aicd toxicosis in swine EXCEPT?

a. anorexia
b. incoordination and ataxia
c. partial paralysis
d. erythema and sensitivity to light in white-skin pigs
e. blindness

A

a. anorexia

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9
Q

The specimen of choice to confirm a diagnosis of iron toxicosis in a live animal is

a. blood
b. serum
c. urine
d. milk
e. liver biopsy

A

b. serum

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10
Q

What percentage of zinc is approximately absorbed from the GI tract?

a. less than 5%
b. 5 - 10%
c. 10 - 20%
d. 20 - 30%
e. more than 50%

A

d. 20 - 30%

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11
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in the treatment of iron toxicosis?

a. epinephrine
b. fluid therapy
c. sodium bicarbonate
d. activated charcoal
e. magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)

A

d. activated charcoal

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12
Q

Enlarged yellow liver, enlarged friable and hemorrhagic kidneys, enlarged black spleen, and red wineVcolored urine are lesions MOST likely associated with

a. inorganic arsenic toxicosis
b. lead toxicosis
c. acute copper toxicosis
d. chronic copper toxicosis
e. molybdenum toxicosis

A

d. chronic copper toxicosis

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13
Q

Antidotal (specific) treatment of inorganic arsenic toxicosis is

a. sodium thiosulfate orally
b. BAL (dimercaprol) IM
c. apomorphine SC
d. sodium sulfate orally
e. aceylcysteine

A

e. aceylcysteine

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14
Q

Which of the following toxicoses in swine is generally similar to vitamin B complex deficiency?

a. lead
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. organic arsenic
e. iron

A

d. organic arsenic

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15
Q

Swine consuming feed containing high (10 ppm) levels of selenium over several weeks are likely to show clinical signs that would be very similar to which disease?

a. water deprivation/sodium ion toxicosis
b. arsanilic acid toxicosis
c. lead toxicosis
d. Pseudorabies
e. chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide toxicosis

A

b. arsanilic acid toxicosis

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16
Q

The drug of choice for the treatment of acute anaphylactic shock due to iron toxicosis in piglets is

a. isoproterenol
b. diphenyhdramine
c. promehtazine
d. epinephrine
e. deferoxamine

A

d. epinephrine

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17
Q

Chronic diarrhea, depigmentation, emaciation and lameness in cattle suggest toxicosis with

a. inorganic arsenic
b. lead
c. molybedenum
d. copper
e. zinc

A

c. molybedenum

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18
Q

Which of the following metals is MOST likely to cross the blood brain barrier?

a. iron
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. organic arsenic
e. lead

A

e. lead

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19
Q

A dog showing gastrointestinal signs followed by a phase of apparent recovery, which deteriorates into multiorgan failure is MOST likely poisoned with oral

a. lead
b. inorganic arsenic
c. zinc
d. iron

A

d. iron

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20
Q

D-penicillamine is the chelating agent of choice for

a. arsenic
b. copper
c. iorn
d. molybdenum
e. all of the above

A

b. copper

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21
Q

Reduced cytochrome oxidase in cattle can be used as a diagnostic test in toxicosis with

a. inorganic arsenic
b. lead
c. molybdenum
d. copper
e. selenium

A

c. molybdenum

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22
Q

Poisoning by which of the following toxicants is LEAST likely to cause convulsive seizures in cattle?

a. lead
b. urea
c. chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides
d. nicotine
e. chronic selenium

A

c. chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT effective in the treatment or prevention of chronic selenium toxicosis?

a. the addition of copper to diet
b. the addition of organic arsenicals to the diet
c. intramuscular injection of BAL
d. Increasing the dietary level of sulfur containing proteins

A

c. intramuscular injection of BAL

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24
Q

Poisoning by ingestion of seleniferous plants can be seen in the following states EXCEPT

a. South Dakota
b. North Dakota
c. Montana
d. Wyoming
e. New York

A

e. New York

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25
Q

Chronic selenium in horses MAINLY causes

a. hemolytic anemia
b. peripheral neurotoxicity
c. brain damage and signs of mania
d. hoof abnormalities and loss of hair
e. abnormal bone and teeth

A

d. hoof abnormalities and loss of hair

26
Q

Which of the following statements about calcium disodium EDTA is LEAST accurate?
a. It is an effective chelating agent for lead
b. It is administered by injection in divided doses daily and treatment is
discontinued after about 5 days
c. It has a wide distribution including the CNS
d. Side effects include anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and depression
e. It may increase signs of toxicosis

A

c. It has a wide distribution including the CNS

27
Q

In swine, acute to chronic peripheral neuropathy, sometimes accompanied by blindness and eventually resulting in paresis or paralysis is MOST likely to be caused by

a. lead
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. arsanilic acid
e. sodium ion/water deprivation

A

d. arsanilic acid

28
Q

Administration of calcium supplements to a dog poisoned with zinc may decrease toxicity MOST likely because

a. calcium binds zinc in the blood and enhances its renal excretion
b. calcium corrects hypocalcemia induced by zinc
c. calcium binds zinc in the GI tract to form insoluble nonabsorbable salts
d. calcium will compete with zinc decreasing the amount of zinc absorbed
e. calcium will mobilize zinc stored in tissues facilitating its elimination

A

d. calcium will compete with zinc decreasing the amount of zinc absorbed

29
Q

Overdose of which of the following agents used in dogs would MOST likely cause inorganic arsenic toxicosis?

a. antiemetics
b. heartworm parasiticides
c. digitalis glycosides
d. antibiotics
e. antifungals

A

b. heartworm parasiticides

30
Q

What effect is MOST likely caused by a decrease in an ironVcontaining protein due to lead poisoning in animals?

a. decreased energy production from cytochrome oxidase
b. muscle weakness from decrased myoglobin
c. microcytic anemia
d. decreased liver microsomal enzymes
e. hemolytic anemia

A

c. microcytic anemia

31
Q

The diagnosis of lead toxicosis in dogs is BEST established on the basis of

a. symptoms of colic
b. encephaletic signs
c. urinary levels of lead
d. radiologic examintion of long bones
e. the occurence of basopholic stippling of erythrocytes

A

c. urinary levels of lead

32
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely a clinical sign of roxarsone in swine?

a. sudden onset
b. marked hyperexcitability
c. tremors
d. blindness
e. collapse and coma

A

d. blindness

33
Q

Using trace elementVfree tubes is MOST important for chemical analysis of

a. lead
b. zinc
c. arsenic
d. all of the above

A

b. zinc

34
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in the treatment of inorganic arsenic poisoning?

a. Fluid therapy
b. vitamin B complex
c. parenteral antibiotics
d. bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto - Bismol)

A

d. bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

35
Q

A dog showing signs of gastrointestinal distress such as anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea followed by signs of intravascular hemolysis marked by pale or yellow discoloration of the mucous membranes, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria without convulsions is MOST likely poisoned with

a. lead
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. metaldehyde

A

b. zinc

36
Q

All of the following decrease GI absorption of lead EXCEPT

a. zinc
b. protein
c. acidity
d. calcium

A

c. acidity

37
Q

The recommended chelating agent for lead toxicosis in pet birds is

a. calcium disodium EDTA
b. BAL (dimercaprol)
c. d-penicillamine
d. dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer)

A

d. dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer)

38
Q

The toxic agent MOST likely to produce degeneration of peripheral neurons is

a. iron
b. arsanilic acid
c. lead
d. copper
e. zinc

A

b. arsanilic acid

39
Q

Deferoxamine is the chelating agent of choice for

a. lead
b. zinc
c. arsenic
d. iron
e. copper

A

d. iron

40
Q

Clinical signs of subacute selenium toxicosis in pigs are genereally similar to toxicosis with

a. inorganic arsenic
b. arsanilic acid
c. lead
d. iron
e. sodium ion/water deprivation

A

b. arsanilic acid

41
Q 
Poisoning by ingestion of seleniferous plants can be seen in the following states 
EXCEPT 
a. South Dakota 
b. North Dakota  
c. Wyoming 
d. Florida 
e. Montana
A

d. Florida

42
Q

Which of the following metal toxicoses causes inhibition of the activity of several enzymes in heme synthesis?

a. iron
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. lead

A

d. lead

43
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely a clinical sign of chronic copper toxicosis in sheep?

a. GI signs
b. jaundice
c. hemoglobinuria
d. methemoglobinemia
e. hemolysis

A

a. GI signs

44
Q

Lameness, hoof abnormalities, emaciation, and loss of hair in cattle MOST likely suggest toxicosis with

a. urea
b. monensin
c. soluble oxalates
d. acute selenium
e. chronic selenium

A

e. chronic selenium

45
Q

The diagnosis of lead toxicosis in dogs is BEST established on the basis of

a. symptoms of colic
b. encephalitic signs
c. blood levels of lead
d. the occurrence of basophilic stippling of erythrocytes

A

c. blood levels of lead

46
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect absorption of zinc from the GI tract?

a. copper
b. iron
c. calcium
d. potassium
e. phytate

A

d. potassium

47
Q

An adult dog showing signs that include thirst, salivation, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, watery diarrhea with mucus and blood, and no signs of seizures is MOST likely poisoned with

a. lead
b. zinc
c. inorganic arsenic
d. organic arsenic

A

c. inorganic arsenic

48
Q

Which of the following increases GI absorption of lead?

a. acidity
b. calcium
c. zinc
d. protein

A

c. zinc

49
Q

The chelating agent of choice for lead in most species is

a. BAL (dimercaprol)
b. sodium thiosulfate
c. disodium calcium EDTA
d. thiamine hydrochloride
e. dVpenicillamine

A

c. disodium calcium EDTA

50
Q

Calcium disodium EDTA

a. is most effective when administered orally
b. distributes in total body water
c. enhances urinary lead excretion
d. produces hypocalcemia tetany
e. has a wide safety margin

A

c. enhances urinary lead excretion

51
Q

Which the following is LEAST likely a source of lead toxicosis in cattle?

a. paint
b. storage batteries
c. contaminated pasture
d. used motor oil
e. none of the above

A

d. used motor oil

52
Q

Generally, which toxicosis has the quickest onset of clinical signs?

a. lead
b. zinc
c. organic arsenic
d. inorganic arsenic
e. molybdenum

A

c. organic arsenic

53
Q

Which of the following concerning treatment of inorganic arsenic toxicosis is LEAST likely?

a. fluids and electrolytes for dehydration
b. emetics and mineral oil for decontamination
c. demulcents to protect the GI mucosa
d. BAL (dimercaprol) as a chelating agent
e. sodium bicarbonate for systemic acidosis

A

b. emetics and mineral oil for decontamination

54
Q

The specimen of choice to submit to a laboratory to confirm a diagnosis of organic arsenic is

a. liver
b. kidney
c. whole blood
d. feed
e. water

A

d. feed

55
Q

Hematologic signs including hemolytic anemia, icterus, and hemoglobinuria are MOST likely seen in which of the follwing toxicoses?

a. metaldehyde
b. paraquat
c. zinc
d. 2,4VD
e. urea

A

c. zinc

56
Q 
Which of the following specimes is LEAST likely to be useful for chemical 
analysis of zinc?  
a. blood 
b. serum  
c. urine 
d. liver 
e. kidney
A

a. blood

57
Q

The MOST susceptible animals to iron toxicosis are

a. dogs and cats
b. cattle and sheep
c. pigs and dogs
d. horses and cattle
e. pigs and poultry

A

c. pigs and dogs

58
Q

The BEST antemortem specimen for chemical analysis of inorganic arsenic in inorganic arsenic poisoning is

a. urine
b. blood
c. serum
d. plasma

A

a. urine

59
Q

The most common source of lead toxicosis in small animals is leadVbased paints.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

60
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely a source of lead toxicosis in cattle in USA?

a. insecticide
b. storage batteries
c. contaminated pasture
d. paint

A

a. insecticide

61
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning toxicokinetics of lead?
a. It is only absrobed from the GI tract, and most of the ingested lead is
absorbed by active transport
b. Most of the absrobed lead is free in plasma and is rapidly distributed to
other tissues, but not the CNS
c. The main organ of stroge is the liver
d. It crosses the placenta and is excreted in milk in dangerous
concentrations
e. It is rapidly eliminated from the body

A

d. It crosses the placenta and is excreted in milk in dangerous

RUSVM Tox by section (7 decks)

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