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RUSVM Tox by section > Common household products > Flashcards

Common household products Flashcards

1
Q

Acute renal failure as a result of ethylene glycol toxicosis usually occurs how long after ingestion in the dog?

a. 1 - 6 hours after ingestion
b. 6 - 12 hours after ingestion
c. 12 - 24 hours after ingestion
d. 24 - 72 hours after ingestion
e. 5 days after ingestion

A

d. 24 - 72 hours after ingestion

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2
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely a clinicopathologic change in ethylene glycol poisoning?

a. hypercreatinemia
b. hyperphsphatemia
c. hyperkalemia
d. systemic alkalosis
e. high serum urea nitrogen (SUN)

A

d. systemic alkalosis

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3
Q

Which of the following statements about fomepizole (4- methyl pyrazole) is LEAST accurate?

a. It is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
b. It is used as antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs and cats
c. It inhibits formation of toxic metabolites
d. It is most effective within 3 hours of ethylene glycol ingestion
e. It does not increase serum osmolality or depress the CNS at recommended doses

A

b. It is used as antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs and cats

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4
Q

Adding 20% ferric chloride to urine sample results in purple color urine is used to detect the presence of which of the following toxicants in urine?

a. ethylene glycol
b. phenol
c. detergent
d. bleach
e. propylene glycol

A

b. phenol

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5
Q

The MOST toxic detergents are

a. soaps
b. dishwashing liquids
c. laundry detergents
d. automatic dishwashing detergents

A

d. automatic dishwashing detergents

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6
Q

Fomepizole (4-methyl pyrazole) is used in the treatment of ethylene glycol in dogs and cats by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase and is most effective within 3 hours from ingestion of ethylene glycol.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False
- only Dogs
- has been shown in only 1 study to be affective in cats at 6x the K9 dose w/ no adverse effects

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7
Q

A negative ethylene glycol test in cats does not mean that the cat has not been exposed to a toxic level of ethylene glycol.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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8
Q

The MOST sensitive species to ethylene glycol poisoning is

a. dogs
b. cats
c. swine
d. poultry

A

b. cats

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9
Q

Acute renal failure as a result of ethylene glycol toxicosis usually occurs how long after ingestion in the cat?

a. 12 - 24 hours after ingestion
b. 36 - 72 hours after ingestion
c. 5 days after ingestion
d. This rarely, if ever, happens in the cat

A

a. 12 - 24 hours after ingestion

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10
Q

Which of the following household chemicals would MOST likely cause toxicosis in small animals following ingestion?

a. hydrogen peroxide 3%
b. silica gel packets
c. chalk
d. general home cleaners
e. Elmer’s glue

A

d. general home cleaners

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11
Q

The MOST appropriate treatment of a dog that has ingested a liquid bleach is

a. aspirin to relieve pain
b. apmorphine to induce vomiting
c. gastric lavage with normal saline
d. acetic acid or vinegare 5%
e. drinking milk or water

A

e. drinking milk or water

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12
Q

In addition to the effect on the kidneys, an important effect of ethylene glycol is the production of systemic

a. hypercalcemia
b. alkalosis
c. acidosis
d. hypokalemia

A

c. acidosis

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13
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered in the differential diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning as nephrotoxic?

a. aminoglycosides
b. cisplatin
c. cholecalciferol
d. metaldehyde
e. amphotericin B

A

d. metaldehyde

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14
Q

Fomepizole (4 - methyl pyrazole) is not recommended for treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in cats because it causes methemoglobinemia and Heinz body anemia.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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15
Q

Which of the following toxicants is LEAST likely to cause systemic acidosis?

a. metaldehyde
b. zinc phosphide
c. pentachlorophenol
d. propylene glycol

A

d. propylene glycol

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16
Q

In addition to antidotal treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning, which of the following is also important?

a. potassium
b. ammonium chloride
c. aspirin
d. sodium bicarbonate

A

d. sodium bicarbonate

17
Q

A negative ethylene glycol test in cats means that the cat has not been exposed to a toxic level of ethylene glycol

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

18
Q

Late clinical signs of ethylene glycol poisoning are PRIMARILY related to

a. CNS depression
b. cardiovascular depression
c. acute renal failure
d. hepatic failure
e. peripheral neurotoxicity

A

c. acute renal failure

19
Q

Fomepizole (4-methyl pyrazole) is recommended as an antidote for both ethylene glycol and propylene glycol poisonings in dogs.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

20
Q

Cationic detergents (quaternary ammonium compounds) are more toxic than anionic detergents, while nonionic detergents are relatively nontoxic

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

21
Q

Which of the following toxicants is MOST likely to cause Heinz body anemia in cats?

a. ethylene glycol
b. propylene glycol
c. ethanol
d. methanol
e. bleach

A

b. propylene glycol

22
Q

Magnesium oxide neutralizes stomach acid inhibiting the release of chlorine gas following ingestion of household bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite.

a. True
b. False

A

a. True

23
Q

Which of the following satements about ethylene glycol toxicosis is TURE?

a. Ethylene glycol is metabolized by hydrolysis to nontoxic metabolites
b. Ethylene glycol is less toxic than propylene glycol in dogs
c. A characteristic microscopic lesion is the presence of birefringent calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney or urine
d. It does not cross the bloodVbrain barrier

A

c. A characteristic microscopic lesion is the presence of birefringent

24
Q

Which of the following statements about the use of ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning is LEAST accurate?

a. It ha a hihger affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase than ethylene glycol
b. It is effective in both dogs and cats
c. It does not have adverse effects at recommended doses
d. It is most efective within 3 hours of ethylene glycol ingestion
e. It is not used after 24 hours of ethylene glcyol ingestion

A

c. It does not have adverse effects at recommended doses

25
Q

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used in the treatment of phenols poisoning?

a. emetics
b. milk, egg white, or water
c. activated charcoal
d. saline cathartics
e. decontamination of the skin with polyethylene glycol, glycerol, or liquid dish soap

A

a. emetics

26
Q

Hypothermia may be one of the clinical signs in acute toxicosis with

a. metaldehyde
b. pentachlorophenol (PCP)
c. ethylene glycol
d. urea

A

c. ethylene glycol

27
Q

Ethylene glycol poisoning usually decreases the anionic gap about four times the normal level.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

28
Q

Fomepizole (4-methyl pyrazole) is used as an antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs, but is not recommended in cats because of its toxicity.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

29
Q

Nonionic detergents are the most toxic, while anionic detergents are more toxic than cationic detergents.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False

30
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning both ethylene glycol and cholecalciferol?

a. Dogs are the most sensitive species
b. They are absorbed mainly form the intact skin
c. They are metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase
d. They cause precipiatation of calcium in kidney tubules
e. They are excreted unchanged in urine

A

d. They cause precipiatation of calcium in kidney tubules

RUSVM Tox by section (7 decks)

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