Metals and Metalloids Flashcards
Arsenic TLV
0.01 mg/m3
Arsine TLV
0.005 ppm
What is the most toxic form of arsenic?
Arsine
What industries is arsenic exposure found in?
- Pesticides and herbicides
- Smelting and mining
- Glass manufacturing
- Woodworking and carpentry
- Semiconductor industry
Acute effects of arsenic poisoning
- Garlic odor to the breath/feces
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Severe diarrhea
- Encephalopathy
- Neuropathy
- Metallic taste in mouth
Chronic effects of arsenic
- Cancer of the skin, bladder, lungs
- Skin lesions, hyperkeratosis
- White lines on nails
- Weight loss and anorexia
- Muscle weakness
Most common way to get arsenic poisoning
Drinking contaminated water
Beryllium TLV
0.00005 mg/m3 - ACGIH carcinogen
What is chronic beryllium disease
Chronic Beryllium Disease - CBD causes scarring of the lung tissue and occurs when a person inhales dust or fumes of beryllium and has become sensitized.
Some common symptoms of CBD are shortness of breath, unexplained coughing, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats.
What industries can beryllium exposure occur in?
- Electronics
- Aerospace and defense
- Nuclear power and weapons
- Telecommunications
- Dental alloys
- E waste recylcling
- Smelting and metals refining
Specific occupations that beryllium exposure can be found in…
- Foundry workers
- Furnace tenders
- Machine operations / machinists
- Metal fabricators
- Welders
- Dental technicians
- Secondary smelting and refining (e-cycling, computer parts)
- Abrasive blasters
What are the most common effects associated with beryllium exposure?
The most common health effects associated with overexposure to beryllium in the workplace include: beryllium sensitization, chronic beryllium disease (CBD), and lung disease and lung cancer.
What is acute beryllium disease?
Symptoms of acute beryllium disease include irritation of the lungs, nose, and throat, as well as trouble breathing and tiredness.
Cadmium TLV
0.01 mg/m3 - ACGIH suspected human carcinogen
Cadmium compounds TLV
0.002 mg/m3 - ACGIH suspected human carcinogen
Exposure to what causes bronze hue of the skin and lysed red blood cells?
Arsine
What is brass?
A metal alloy consisting of primarily copper, usually with zinc
Cadmium fumes commonly result in what symptoms?
- Severe pulmonary edema (too much fluid in lungs)
- Irritation of the respiratory tract and delayed onset of symptoms.
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- CANCER- lungl, prostate, and kidney cancers
Chromium(0) TLV - metallic
0.5 mg/m3
Hexavalent chromium TLV
0.0002 mg/m3
Is hexavalent chromium found in the environment naturally
No - manmade
Industries that use hexavalent chromium
- Electroplating
- Stainless steel production
- Welding
- Leather and textile manufacturing
- Chromate painting
- Wood preservation
Manganese TLV - inhalable
0.1 mg/m3
Cr(IV) health effects
CANCER - lung, nasal, sinus cancer
- Asthma, bronchitis, respiratory irritation
- Nose/ eye irritation and damage
- Perforated ear drums
- Kidney and liver damage
- Congestion and edema
- Upper abdominal pain
Workplace exposures to Cr(VI) occur mainly in the following areas:
- Welding and other types of “hot work” on stainless steel and other metals that contain chromium
- Use of pigments, spray paints and coatings
- Operating chrome plating baths
Major industries that use electroplating
- Aerospace
- Automotive
- Dental and medical
- Power sector
- Jewelry
Mercury TLV - elemental and organic forms
0.025 mg/m3
Manganese TLV - respirable
0.02 mg/m3
Where does manganese exposure occur?
- Mining
- Ore crushing
- Metallurgical operations for steel, iron, ferrous and nonferrous alloys
- Manufacturing of dry cell batteries
- Manufacturing of anti-knock gasoline additives
- Manufacturing of pesticides / fungicides
- Manufacturing of pigments, dyes, and inks
- Manufacturing of incendiary devices
Manganism
Manganism’s symptoms, similar to those of Parkinson’s disease, may include the following: trembling, stiffness, slow motor movement and potentially severe depression, anxiety and hostility.
What metal causes Parkinson Disease type symptoms?
Manganese
Which metal(s) are ototoxic?
Manganese
Nickel TLV
1.5 mg/m3
What metals are carcinogenic?
- Arsenic
- Beryllium
- Cadmium
- Chromium
- Nickel compounds
- Lead = probable human carcinogen
