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Toxicology > Metals and Metalloids > Flashcards

Metals and Metalloids Flashcards

1
Q

Arsenic TLV

A

0.01 mg/m3

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2
Q

Arsine TLV

A

0.005 ppm

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3
Q

What is the most toxic form of arsenic?

A

Arsine

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4
Q

What industries is arsenic exposure found in?

A
  • Pesticides and herbicides
  • Smelting and mining
  • Glass manufacturing
  • Woodworking and carpentry
  • Semiconductor industry
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5
Q

Acute effects of arsenic poisoning

A
  • Garlic odor to the breath/feces
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Encephalopathy
  • Neuropathy
  • Metallic taste in mouth
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6
Q

Chronic effects of arsenic

A
  • Cancer of the skin, bladder, lungs
  • Skin lesions, hyperkeratosis
  • White lines on nails
  • Weight loss and anorexia
  • Muscle weakness
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7
Q

Most common way to get arsenic poisoning

A

Drinking contaminated water

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8
Q

Beryllium TLV

A

0.00005 mg/m3 - ACGIH carcinogen

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9
Q

What is chronic beryllium disease

A

Chronic Beryllium Disease - CBD causes scarring of the lung tissue and occurs when a person inhales dust or fumes of beryllium and has become sensitized.

Some common symptoms of CBD are shortness of breath, unexplained coughing, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats.

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10
Q

What industries can beryllium exposure occur in?

A
  • Electronics
  • Aerospace and defense
  • Nuclear power and weapons
  • Telecommunications
  • Dental alloys
  • E waste recylcling
  • Smelting and metals refining
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11
Q

Specific occupations that beryllium exposure can be found in…

A
  • Foundry workers
  • Furnace tenders
  • Machine operations / machinists
  • Metal fabricators
  • Welders
  • Dental technicians
  • Secondary smelting and refining (e-cycling, computer parts)
  • Abrasive blasters
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12
Q

What are the most common effects associated with beryllium exposure?

A

The most common health effects associated with overexposure to beryllium in the workplace include: beryllium sensitization, chronic beryllium disease (CBD), and lung disease and lung cancer.

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13
Q

What is acute beryllium disease?

A

Symptoms of acute beryllium disease include irritation of the lungs, nose, and throat, as well as trouble breathing and tiredness.

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14
Q

Cadmium TLV

A

0.01 mg/m3 - ACGIH suspected human carcinogen

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15
Q

Cadmium compounds TLV

A

0.002 mg/m3 - ACGIH suspected human carcinogen

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16
Q

Exposure to what causes bronze hue of the skin and lysed red blood cells?

A

Arsine

17
Q

What is brass?

A

A metal alloy consisting of primarily copper, usually with zinc

18
Q

Cadmium fumes commonly result in what symptoms?

A
  • Severe pulmonary edema (too much fluid in lungs)
  • Irritation of the respiratory tract and delayed onset of symptoms.
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • CANCER- lungl, prostate, and kidney cancers
19
Q

Chromium(0) TLV - metallic

A

0.5 mg/m3

20
Q

Hexavalent chromium TLV

A

0.0002 mg/m3

21
Q

Is hexavalent chromium found in the environment naturally

A

No - manmade

22
Q

Industries that use hexavalent chromium

A
  • Electroplating
  • Stainless steel production
  • Welding
  • Leather and textile manufacturing
  • Chromate painting
  • Wood preservation
23
Q

Manganese TLV - inhalable

A

0.1 mg/m3

23
Q

Cr(IV) health effects

A

CANCER - lung, nasal, sinus cancer

  • Asthma, bronchitis, respiratory irritation
  • Nose/ eye irritation and damage
  • Perforated ear drums
  • Kidney and liver damage
  • Congestion and edema
  • Upper abdominal pain
24
Q

Workplace exposures to Cr(VI) occur mainly in the following areas:

A
  • Welding and other types of “hot work” on stainless steel and other metals that contain chromium
  • Use of pigments, spray paints and coatings
  • Operating chrome plating baths
24
Q

Major industries that use electroplating

A
  • Aerospace
  • Automotive
  • Dental and medical
  • Power sector
  • Jewelry
25
Q

Mercury TLV - elemental and organic forms

A

0.025 mg/m3

25
Q

Manganese TLV - respirable

A

0.02 mg/m3

25
Q

Where does manganese exposure occur?

A
  • Mining
  • Ore crushing
  • Metallurgical operations for steel, iron, ferrous and nonferrous alloys
  • Manufacturing of dry cell batteries
  • Manufacturing of anti-knock gasoline additives
  • Manufacturing of pesticides / fungicides
  • Manufacturing of pigments, dyes, and inks
  • Manufacturing of incendiary devices
26
Q

Manganism

A

Manganism’s symptoms, similar to those of Parkinson’s disease, may include the following: trembling, stiffness, slow motor movement and potentially severe depression, anxiety and hostility.

27
Q

What metal causes Parkinson Disease type symptoms?

A

Manganese

28
Q

Which metal(s) are ototoxic?

A

Manganese

29
Q

Nickel TLV

A

1.5 mg/m3

30
Q

What metals are carcinogenic?

A
  • Arsenic
  • Beryllium
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • Nickel compounds
  • Lead = probable human carcinogen

Toxicology (5 decks)

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