Metals Flashcards
What is the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium (Carbon) Zinc Iron lead (Hydrogen) Copper Silver Gold
How is the reactivity series ordered
Most Reactive –> Least Reactive
What do metals lose when react with other substances
metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions
How does the reactivity of a metal affect its reactions
More vigorous reactions and more easily it loses electrons it reactions to form positive ions
What happens if a metal higher on the reactivity series reacts with a metal lower than it
A metal higher on the reactivity series can displace a less reactive metal from its compounds
How stable is a reactive metal’s compound
The more reactive a metal the more stable its compounds as the bonds holding it together are very strong
What is the equation for when metal reacts with water
Metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Write the reaction of sodium and water
Sodium + water → sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
With what metals does water react with
all the metals above zinc
What happens when a metal reacts with an acid
• Metal + acid –> salt + hydrogen (g)
redox reaction as metal is being oxidised and hydrogen reduced
What metals react with acids
all above hydrogen except zinc and iron usually slowly
How do you test for presence of hydrogen gas
Lit splint in test tube should make squeaky pop noise
When is hydrogen produced in metals reactions
Always made when a metal reacts with water or a dilute acid
How do metals react with oxygen
Metal + Oxygen Metal oxide
oxidation reaction
Define oxidation
gain of oxygen and loss of electrons
Define reduction
loss of oxygen and gain of electrons
What is a pneumonic for remembering oxidation and reduction
OILRIG
Oxidation Is Loss
Reduction Is Gain
What are some examples of redox ractions
electrolysis reactions and displacement reactions
What are displacement reactions
A displacement reaction is when a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound.
Where is carbon in the reactivity series
Above zinc
Where is hydrogen in the reactivity series
Above copper
What is a pneumonic to remember the reactivity series
Please Send Charlies Monkeys And Zebras In Large Cages Securely Guarded
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium (Carbon) Zinc Iron lead (Hydrogen) Copper Silver Gold
What is an ionic equation
An equation where you have taken the spectator ions out
What are spectator ions
ions that are on both sides of the equation and do not contribute to the reaction
Here is an example of a redox displacement reaction
A balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and copper sulphate solution can be written in terms of the ions with spectator ions taken out:
Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)
This equation is an example of a balanced ionic equation. It can be split into two half equations:
Mg(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2e- (oxidation)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s) (reduction)
Notice that:
• magnesium atoms lose electrons - they are oxidised
• copper ions gain electrons - they are reduced
• Also notice that no electrons disappear or are made they are always balanced or transferred
What are the steps for a half equation
- Write down the reactant and the product.
- Balance the atoms.
- Write the total charge underneath each species in the equation.
- Balance the charge by adding electrons.
What form are most metals found in
Combined with other elements to form compounds (ores)