Metals Flashcards
How are the bonds in metallic bonding held together?
The positive metal ion is attracted to the negatively charged electrons
How does electricity work?
Atoms are incredibly close together, thus that the electrons which spin around the atoms, pass onto each other and jump from atom to atom
What are the three reactions of metals?
Metal + Water
Metal + Acid
Metal + Oxygen
Which metals react strongly with water, acid and Oxygen?
Very reactive ones
What is the general equation for a metal and water reaction?
Metal + Water —-> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
What are the unreactive metals?
Gold
Silver
Platinum
Which metals react with acid?
Only metals which are higher than hydrogen on the reactivity series as Hydrogen represents the H+ ions which are compulsory of acids
What is the general equation for a metal and acid reaction?
Metal + Acid —-> Salt + Hydrogen
How is the salt of a metal and acid reaction named?
By taking the name of the metal in the reaction and the name of the acid
eg. Magnesium and Hydrochloric acid produce the salt Magnesium Chloride
What is a simple way of carrying out a metal and Oxygen reaction?
By burning the metal
What is the general equation for a metal and Oxygen reaction?
Metal + Oxygen —-> Metal Oxide
What is the chemical term for a battery?
A cell
What is a description of a simple cell?
A cell is two different metals connected by an electrolyte
What is an electrolyte solution?
An electrolyte solution is an ionic solution which is used to complete a circuit
What is the voltage produced by the cell determined by?
How far apart the two metals are on the electrochemical series (metals which are far away from each other produce high voltages)
What direction do the electrons flow in?
Electrons flow for the most reactive metal to the least reactive metal
What is a description of a more complex cell?
Two metals, each in an electrolyte solution of their own ions, with each solution connected by an ion bridge
What is an ion bridge?
An ion bridge is a piece of filter paper soaked in an ionic solution (such as NaCl solution) which is used to complete a circuit
What is Oxidation?
Oxidation is when a metal loses an electron
What is Reduction?
Reduction is when a metal gains an electron
What is a definition of a redox reaction?
A redox reaction is one where both oxidation and reduction take place
Why are simple cells examples of redox reaction?
Because the most reactive metal is losing electrons and the least reactive metal is gaining electrons
What is an ore?
An ore is a metal which has reacted with oxygen naturally via air/water
What metals do not from ores?
Unreactive metals
What is the rule connecting reactivity of the metal to extraction of the metal from its ore?
The more reactive the metal the harder it is to remove it from it’s ore
What metals can be removed from their ore by heat alone?
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Platinum
What metals can be removed from their ore by heating with a reducing agent?
Zinc
Tin
Lead
Copper
What is a reducing agent?
A reducing agent is an element or compound which can donate it’s electrons. Examples are Carbon or Carbon Monoxide
How is Iron removed from its ore?
Via a Blast Furnace
What metals can be removed from their ore by electrolysis?
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium
What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis is the method of passing a DC (direct current) through a metal
