Metals Flashcards
Where are metals found in the periodic table?
metals are found on the left of the table- to the left of the ladder which starts above aluminium and steps down to the right
List five properties of metals
conducts electricity and heat
shiny
malleable
ductile
some are magnetic
Which group is called the alkaline metals?
Group 1
Li
Na
K
Rb
What group is called the Alkaline Earth Metals?
Group 2
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
What is special about the transistion metals?
They form colourful compounds
&
They often have more than one valency
Fe 2+ and Fe 3+
What group are called the Halogens?
Group 7
F
Cl
Br
I
They are all diatomic!
What group is called the noble gases?
Group 0
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
they all have a full outer shell and are inert (unreactive)
Name the four metals less reactive than hydrogen in the reactivity series
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Platinum
Gold- unreactive
Name the five metals more reactive than carbon in the reactivity series
potassium
sodiium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
All these metals must be extracted using electrolysis as carbon cannot displace them as it is less reactive
Name the four metals between carbon and hydrogen in the reactivty series
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
:Lead
Hydrogen
These metals can be extracted from their ores using carbon or coke in a blast furnace
Why can iron be reduced or extracted from its metal ore using coke (carbon)?
Carbon is more reactive than iron
Carbon displaces iron
iron is reduced
Henry threw some copper into some hydrochloric acid. He expected to see a reaction, some fizzing, but nothing happened. explain why?
copper is less reactive than hydrogen
copper cannot displace hydrogen and so it does not react
Describe three properties of the group 1 metal sodium
soft - can be cut with a knife
shiny when cut but then quickly reacts and becomes dull
low melting point
Finish the general equation
reactive metal + water –>
remember the fizzing?
reactive metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the chemical reaction between lithium and water?
Li (s) + H2O(l) –> LiOH(aq) + H2(g)
Lithium hydroxide is an alkali- it will turn universal indicator blue
What would you observe if you put some sodium in water?
How would this compare to potassium in water?
For sodium
fizzing, moving around on the surface of the water
melts into a ball, metal disappears
For potassium - it is more reactive
more vigorousfizzing
moving around on the surface of the water more quickly
melts into a ball and bursts into flame (lilac in colour)
metal disappears more rapidly
What is the chemical reaction between sodium and water?
Na (s) + H2O(l) –> NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
sodium hydroxide is an alkali- it will turn universal indicator blue
What is the chemical reaction between potassium and water?
K (s) + H2O(l) –> KOH(aq) + H2(g)
potassium hydroxide is an alkali- it will turn universal indicator blue
How would the reaction differ between potassium and rubidium?
Potassium
lilac flame
Rubidium
explosive
What is an alloy?
A mixture of a metal and metal or a metal and non-metal which changes both the physical and chamical properties
Give three examples of an alloy
Brass- copper + zinc
Bronze- copper + tin
Steel- iron + carbon
How does the introduction of a different sized atom to a pure metal change its physical properties.
The smaller atoms disrupts the arrangment of the metal ions,
They no longer arrange themselves in neat rows
They do not have layers which can slide over one another
They are no longer malleable- they are harder and stronger
When calcium reacts with hydorchloric acid, hydrogen forms.
How can the hydrogen be collected?
hydrogen can be collected by downward displacement of water
OR
downward displacement of air - upside down test tube- hydrogen is less dense than air and will rise into the test tube and push the air downward
What are the products in this reaction?
Mg + H2O (g) –>
steam
Mg + H2O (g) –> MgO + H2
steam
with steam the oxide is formed-not the hydroxide!
Both potassium and sodium are found in group 1
Why is potassium more reactive than sodium?
- potassium atom is larger
- outer electrons of potassium are further from the nucleus
- less electrostatic attraction between the negative outer electrons and positive nucleus
- easier to remove the outer electron from potassium
- Also, there are more shells between the nucleus and outer electrons in potassium
- the electrons in these shells repel the outer electrons and is called electron shielding
- easier to remove the outer electron from potassium
- potassium is more reactive for these two reasons!
Complete the reaction
Al + Fe2O3 –>
Thermite reaction!!
Is aluminium more reactive than iron? YES!
2Al + Fe2O3 –> Al2O3 + 2Fe
Aluminiuim is more reactive than iron
aluminium displaces the iron
This is a displacement reaction
Complete this general reaction
metal + steam –>
Metal + steam –> metal oxide + hydrogen
You still get hydrogen but now you have the oxide- not the hydroxide
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
Flaming splint
you hear a squeaky pop!
Why does it take time for aluminium to start reacting with an acid?
aluminium forms an impermeable aluminium oxide layer.
The acid must get through that layer before it comes into contact with the pure metal.
This impermeable oxide layer on aluminium is an advantage- iron reacts with oxygen and rusts entirely through the metal but aluminium forms an impermeable oxide layer protecting the pure aluminium below.
Complete the general word equation
more reactive metal + less reactive metal compound –>
more reactive metal + less reactive metal compound –>
more reactive metal compound + less reactive metal
the more reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal
This is a displacement reaction
Complete the displacement reaction and describe what you would observe
Zn + CuSO4 –>
Is zinc more reactive than copper?
Yes
Zn + CuSO4 –> ZnSO4 + Cu
greysolid & blue solution –> colourless solution & orange/pink soild
Below is the thermite reaction!!
2Al + Fe2O3 –> Al2O3 + 2Fe
Where is this used and is the reaction an exothermic or endothermic reaction? How do you know?
Thermite reaction is used to connect (fuse) iron rails together on a railway.
This reaction is carried out above the seam between the two rails
The reaction is exothermic- it releases heat rapidly and exceed the melting point of iron which melts out the bottom of the vessel and onto the seam.
Complete the displacement reaction and describe what you would observe
Fe + ZnSO4 –>
Is iron more reactive than zinc?
No- the rion cannot displace the zinc
No reaction - grey metal in colourless solution with no change to appearance
Complete the metal displacement reaction
Ca + MgNO3 –>
Ca + 2MgNO3 –> Ca(NO3 )2 + 2Mg