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IGCSE Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the general physical properties of metals?

A 
High density
Good conductors
Malleable
Ductile
High fixed points
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2
Q

What are the general chemical properties of metals?

A

Form basic oxides

Form positive ions

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3
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of metals

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4
Q

What is brass made of, its properties and uses?

A

Copper and zinc
Stronger and more resistant to corrosion
Electrical fittings, car radiators

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5
Q

What is bronze made of, its properties and uses?

A

Copper and tin
Harder, stronger and sonorous
Statues, springs, coins

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6
Q

What is stainless steel made of, its properties and uses?

A

Iron, chromium and nickel
Does not rust
Kitchen sinks, cutlery, chemical plant

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7
Q

Why are alloys stronger than metals?

A

The different sized metal atoms disrupt the crystal lattice and make the arrangement less regular - stops layers of sliding over each other when force is applied

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8
Q

Describe the order of the reactivity series?

A 
K - Potassium
Na - Sodium
Ca – Calcium
Mg – Magnesium
C – Carbon
Zn – Zinc
Fe – Iron
Pb – Lead
H – Hydrogen
Cu – Copper
Au – Gold
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9
Q

Everything above hydrogen in the reactivity series can

A

displace hydrogen from its acids

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10
Q

Why does aluminum seem not reactive ?

A

It forms an oxide layer which adheres to metal and protects it

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11
Q

What are displacement reactions?

A

reactions in which metals compete for oxygen or anions

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12
Q

The bigger the difference in reactivity between the two metals ___

A

the faster the displacement reaction

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13
Q

What is the extraction method for metal ores above carbon?

A

Electrolysis

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14
Q

What is the extraction method for metal ores below carbon and above hydrogen?

A

Reducing via heating with Carbon or Carbon Monoxide

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15
Q

What is the ore for extracting iron?

A

haematite

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16
Q

Describe the process of extracting iron from haematite? (6)

A

1) Coke burns to form CO2 which heats the furnace
2) CO2 reacts with coke to form carbon monoxide
3) Carbon monoxide reduces iron (III) oxide to form iron
4) Heat from furnace decomposes limestone
5) Calcium oxide reacts with silicon (IV) oxide to form slag
6) Slag run off

17
Q

The more reactive a metal ___ the higher

A

the tendency of a metal to form its positive ion

18
Q

What is the ore for extracting zinc?

A

zinc blende/zinc sulfide

19
Q

Describe the process of extracting zinc from zinc blende? (6)

A

1) Zinc blende roasted (with oxygen) to form zinc oxide
2) Zinc oxide heated w/ coke in blast furnace
3) Carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide
4) Carbon monoxide reduces zinc oxide to zinc
5) Zinc oxide can also react directly with carbon
6) Zinc vapour carried and condenses and purified

20
Q

Why is electrolysis of zinc sulfate now preferred over blast furnace method?

A

Produces purer zinc

21
Q

Describe the conversion of iron into steel (5)

A

1) Molten iron from blast furnace poured into steelmaking furnace
2) Oxygen + calcium oxide blown through oxygen lance
3) Oxygen oxidises impurities (carbon, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus) - some escape as gas, some react with calcium oxide to form slag
4) Amount of carbon controlled by oxygen blown, more carbon, less carbon
5) Addition of other metals to form steel

22
Q

What are the uses of high carbon steel and mild steel?

A

Mild steel: machinery and car bodies

High carbon steel: knives and blades

23
Q

What are the advantages of recycling metal? (2)

A

saves land that may be used for extracting ores
conserves metal ores + raw materials
saves energy, less fuel is used

24
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling metal? (2)

A

collecting and storing materials costly

takes time and energy to collect waste materials

25
Q

What are the uses of aluminum?

A 
manufacture of aircraft (strength +low density)
food containers (resistance to corrosion)
26
Q

What are the uses of copper?

A 
electrical wiring
cooking utensils (malleable/good conductor of heat)
27
Q

What are the uses of zinc?

A

galvanise iron (stop rusting)

28
Q

How can different steel alloys be formed/controlled?

A

Change carbon content

29
Q

What are three reasons why alloys are used?

A

Strength
Hardness
Resistance to corrosion

30
Q

What is the pneumonic for the reactivity series?

A

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IGCSE Chemistry (22 decks)

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