Metals Flashcards
What are the three common metals?
- Ferrous
- Non-ferrous
- Alloys
Name some Ferrous metals
- Cast iron
- Steels
- Mild steel
- Medium carbon steel
- High carbon steel
Name some non-ferrous metals
- Aluminium
- Copper
- Lead
- Tin
- Zinc
Name some Alloys
- Brass
- Bronze
- Stainless steel
What does Ferrous metal mean?
Metals which contain iron
What does Non-Ferrous metal mean?
Metals which do not contain iron
What does Ferrous alloy mean?
A mixture of two or more metals but at least one metal is iron
What does Non-Ferrous alloy mean?
A mixture of two or more metals which do not contain iron.
Name some common metals
- Iron
- Copper
- Aluminium
- Lead
- Tin
- Zinc
What is pig iron?
Iron which has just come out of the blast furnace and is not at a high enough quality yet.
How is pig iron converted?
By adding carbon into its structure, this is done in a oxygen furnace.
Where is mild steel usually used in?
- Nuts
- Bolts
- Washers
Where is medium carbon steel usually used in?
- Springs
- Garden tools
Where is high carbon steel usually used in?
- Hand tools
- Dot punchers
- Chisels
Where is cast iron usually used in?
- Machine parts
- Brake discs
- Engines
What is aluminium use in?
-Kitchenware e.g. saucepans
What is Copper used in?
- Electrical contacts
- Domestic pipes for heating and water
- Electrical cables
What is Gold used in?
- Jewelry
- SIM cards
What is lead used in?
-Brickwork
What are the benefits of alloying?
- Changes the melting point
- Changes the colour
- Increases strength, hardness and ductility
- Enhances resistance to corrosion
- Changes electrical/thermal properties
- Improves flow properties
What does oxidation mean?
when a material comes in contact with oxygen the result is an oxide layer is formed over the surface of the metal. this acts as protection.
What is work hardening?
The name given to the effects of processing e.g. rolling, bending or hammering a material while it is cold.
What are the common heat treatments?
- Annealing
- Hardening
- Tempering
- Normalising
What is annealing?
heating up metal so that you can easily work with it
What is hardening?
heating the metal to cherry red followed by rapid cooling
What is tempering?
removing any brittleness that may be present in the hardening material.
What is welding?
The term given to joining materials together by heat fusing the components together
What is finishing?
the removal of blemishes or blurs in a material
What is press forming?
Press forming is carried out at room temperature and it is when metals are press and cut into shapes
What is embossing?
similar to press forming but is used to make decorative features which are punched into metals.
What is sand casting?
this is where you use sand as molds and fill it with molten metal.
What are the advantages of using sand casting?
- Complex 3D shapes
- Can produce hollow sections
- Good for small runs
- Automated processes are good for the long run
What are the disadvantages of sand casting?
- Poor surface finishing
- Not accurate as die casting
- Low rate of out put only good for small runs
What is die casting?
melting metal and pouring it into a mold
What is a Flux?
A chemical used to Prevent oxidation of the material at the joint areas
What is sintering?
process where materials are crushed into powder and compacted into a die which will give the product its final shape.
What is forging?
It can be carried out by hand or machine, forging is done while the metal is hot as it requires less energy to achieve the result. you hammer the metal into place.
