Metals Flashcards
What are the 9 properties of metals
Strong, Density, Malleable, Ductile, Melting, Shiny, Magnetic, Sonorous, Alloy, Boiling
What are the uses of strong
Bridges
What is the use of density
Radiation shields
What are malleable metals used for
Bending pipes
What are ductile metals used for
Wires
What is melting and boiling used for
Changes of state
What are shiny metals used for
Jewellery
What are magnetic metals used for?
Key components of motors, generators
What are sonorous metals used for?
Instruments eg cymbals
What are alloy metals used for?
Construct buildings
What happens when alkali’s react with water
They produce heat, hydrogen gas, and the corresponding metal hydroxide
What connects the reactivity of metals
The more reactive with water the more reactive the metal
Test for hydrogen
Squeaky Pop
salt and hydrogen form when a metal reacts with an acid
salt and hydrogen form when a metal reacts with an acid
Reactivity series
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium magnesium aluminium carbon zinc iron lead hydrogen copper silver gold
Copper silver do not react with acids
They are below hydrogen in the reactivity series. Hydrogen is in acids
What are the salts
- hydrochloric acid — chloride
- sulfuric acid — sulfate
- nitric acid — nitrate
Word equation for metals and acids
Metal + acid = salt and hydrogen
What is a thermite reaction
Creates liquid iron for train tracks
Dangerous
Displacement reaction
A more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal from its compound
Oxidisation
Gaining oxygen
Reduction
Loosing oxygen
Rusting conditions
Oxygen and water
Word equation for rust
Iron+ water + oxygen =hydrated iron lll oxide
Salt and rusting
It speeds rusting up
The barrier method
The barrier method: the iron is coated with a barrier to prevent the iron from coming into contact with water and oxygen. The barrier can be a layer of paint, plastic, oil or grease. If the coating breaks, the iron rusts. It is also cheap
It can be used in the inside of a steel food can.
Galvanising
The iron is coated with a layer of a more reactive metal usually zinc. The layer of zinc acts as a barrier to prevent iron from coming into contact with air and water. It can also acts as a sacrificial metal. See below. You can only use zinc and it is expensive
It can be used for buildings, bridges, gates and balconies
Sacrificial protection
This means that it will react with oxygen more readily than iron because it higher up on the reactivity series. Zinc will be oxidised instead of the electrons. It is used in blocks. More expensive and needs to be replaced
It can be used for hulls of ships and underground tanks.
