metals Flashcards
metals lose electrons to….
metals lose electrons to become positive ions
more reactive = loses electrons more easily
alkali metals (group1) are soft, shiny,react with 02 easily, stored in oil
what happens when lithium reacts w water
effervescence, moving slowly
what happens when sodium reacts w water
moves around more, fizzes more, melts - turns into a sphere
what happens when potassium reacts w water
lights up lilac, still, fizzes vigorously, moves and floats, produces hydrogen
why do elements in the same group all react in a similar way?
due to having the same number of outer shell electrons
group one loses 1 electron whereas group 2 loses 2 electrons ect
as you go down group 1 & 2 does reactivity increases or decrease
increases
metal + water ->
metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hyrdogen
what happens when calcium reacts w acid
temp change - rlly warm, effervescence, fizzes the most, white solid formed
what happens when copper reacts w acid
nothing
what happens when magnesium reacts w acid
heats up - not as much as calcium, effervescence - less than calcium.dissolved,
what happens when zinc reacts w acid
slight bubble
metal + acid ->
metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen
what are reactions called if they release heat energy
exothermic reaction
group 1 metals are to reactive to add to acid in the lab
properties of metals and use
heat conductor, high melting point - pots and pans
electrical conductor - wires and chargers
ductile
strong, hard - construction
malleable, sonorous - musical instruments
when does a displacement reaction occur
a displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal compound
metals further apart in terms of reactivity will….
metals further apart in terms of reactivity will have a more vigorous reaction compared to metals closer together
reactivity series order and acronym to remember it
Potassium,sodium,lithium,calcium,magnesium,aluminium
,carbon,zinc,iron,tin,lead,hydrogen,copper,sliver,gold,platinum
please sir lancelot can my african crazy african zebra inspect the lab he can smell green pickles
metal ore definition
naturally occurring rocks that contain metal compounds with enough metal to make it economically worth extracting
native state definition and 3 examples
metal found uncombined in nature e.g. silver, platinum and gold
how can metals be extracted
using carbon in a reduction reaction
for reduction using carbon whats the only way it works
this only works with metals below carbon
using carbon advantage and disadvantage
cheap
CO2 - main contributor to global warning
how can metals above carbon be extracted
electrolysis
whats OILRIG
oxidation is loss of electrons
reduction is gain of electrons
when atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions they can be…
reduced or oxidised
is this reduction or oxidation Ca –> Ca2+ + 2e-
Ca has lost 2 electrons (oxidation)
if there r more things on the left side of the reaction is it reduction or oxidation
reduction
porous rock definition
a rock that can absorb water between grains
sedimentary rock definition
porous rock formed by the deposition and cementation of material over millions of years
non porous rock definition
a rock with no space between grains to absorb water
what r the 3 fossil fuels and what r they
crude oil, coal and natural gas - all finite
whats the formation of crude oil and natural gas
plankton die and fall to the bottom of the sea. they are buried under sediment in anaerobic conditions. They are subjected to high temp and pressure. the process takes millions of years
whats the formation of coal
carbon dioxide absorbed during photosynthesis by tree is the make up of coal. these trees die and are buried under the sedement in anaerobic conditions. they are then compressed under high temp for millions of years
whats crude oil made up of
crude oil is made up of many different hydrocarbons
hydrocarbon definition
a molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen
a group of hydrocarbons is called
alkanes
whats alkenes general formula
CnH2n+2
alkenes are also …
theyre also saturated they contain single bonds only. there are no c to c double bonds
what does distillation seperate
distillation separates liquids based on their different boiling points
what does fractional distillation separate
seperates out crude oil into multiple fractions
what happens in fractional distillation
crude oil is heated and fed into the bottom of a fractioning column where it is vapourised. the fractioning column is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top - temp gradient. the vapours rise up until they reach their boiling point and condense. the fractions seperate at different levels due to diff boiling points. some fractions remain as gases whereas other fractions do not evaporate when heated
flammability definition
the ability to set on fire
viscosity definition
the “stickiness” of a substance ( thickness of liquid)
volatility definition
ease of evaporation
as carbon chain length increases boiling point… flammability… viscosity…. volatility…
boiling point increases
flammability decreases
viscosity increases
volatility decreases
uses of alkanes:
main use is fuel it can also be used as a feedstock
whats feedstock
a chemical used to make other chemicals
crude oil can be used to make…
solvents,lubricants, polymers and detergents
whats the variety of natural and synthetic compounds are due to…
the variety of natural and synthetic compounds are due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds
combustion definition
release of energy
complete combustion - lots of O2
products
carbon dioxide and water
incomplete combustion is lacking in… and products
lacking in oxygen
products - water,carbon monoxide, carbon (soot)
what are alkenes
another family of hydrocarbons
general formula of alkenes
CnH2n
alkenes have a what to what bond and what does it mean
alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond this means they are unsaturated
whats the test for unsaturation
test
add bromine water
result: decolourised from orange to colourless
the double bond in alkenes makes them more what
more reactive
uses of alkenes
polymers, plastics,detergents,alcohol and solvents
hydrocarbons can be cracked (broken down) from
hydrocarbons can be cracked from long chained hydrocarbons in to smaller more useful hydrocarbons that are in higher demand this is called cracking
cracking is an example of what
cracking s an example of thermal decomposition
conditions of cracking
catalytic cracking - high temp
pottery chips catalyst ( or Al2O3 or SiO2)
whats a catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate but doesnt get used up
