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year 9 chem eoy > metals > Flashcards

metals Flashcards

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1
Q

metals lose electrons to….

A

metals lose electrons to become positive ions

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2
Q

more reactive = loses electrons more easily

A
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3
Q

alkali metals (group1) are soft, shiny,react with 02 easily, stored in oil

A
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4
Q

what happens when lithium reacts w water

A

effervescence, moving slowly

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5
Q

what happens when sodium reacts w water

A

moves around more, fizzes more, melts - turns into a sphere

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6
Q

what happens when potassium reacts w water

A

lights up lilac, still, fizzes vigorously, moves and floats, produces hydrogen

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7
Q

why do elements in the same group all react in a similar way?

A

due to having the same number of outer shell electrons

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8
Q

group one loses 1 electron whereas group 2 loses 2 electrons ect

A
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9
Q

as you go down group 1 & 2 does reactivity increases or decrease

A

increases

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10
Q

metal + water ->

A

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hyrdogen

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11
Q

what happens when calcium reacts w acid

A

temp change - rlly warm, effervescence, fizzes the most, white solid formed

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12
Q

what happens when copper reacts w acid

A

nothing

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13
Q

what happens when magnesium reacts w acid

A

heats up - not as much as calcium, effervescence - less than calcium.dissolved,

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14
Q

what happens when zinc reacts w acid

A

slight bubble

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15
Q

metal + acid ->

A

metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

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16
Q

what are reactions called if they release heat energy

A

exothermic reaction

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17
Q

group 1 metals are to reactive to add to acid in the lab

A
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18
Q

properties of metals and use

A

heat conductor, high melting point - pots and pans
electrical conductor - wires and chargers
ductile
strong, hard - construction
malleable, sonorous - musical instruments

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19
Q

when does a displacement reaction occur

A

a displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal compound

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20
Q

metals further apart in terms of reactivity will….

A

metals further apart in terms of reactivity will have a more vigorous reaction compared to metals closer together

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21
Q

reactivity series order and acronym to remember it

A

Potassium,sodium,lithium,calcium,magnesium,aluminium
,carbon,zinc,iron,tin,lead,hydrogen,copper,sliver,gold,platinum
please sir lancelot can my african crazy african zebra inspect the lab he can smell green pickles

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22
Q

metal ore definition

A

naturally occurring rocks that contain metal compounds with enough metal to make it economically worth extracting

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23
Q

native state definition and 3 examples

A

metal found uncombined in nature e.g. silver, platinum and gold

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24
Q

how can metals be extracted

A

using carbon in a reduction reaction

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25
Q

for reduction using carbon whats the only way it works

A

this only works with metals below carbon

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26
Q

using carbon advantage and disadvantage

A

cheap
CO2 - main contributor to global warning

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27
Q

how can metals above carbon be extracted

A

electrolysis

28
Q

whats OILRIG

A

oxidation is loss of electrons
reduction is gain of electrons

29
Q

when atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions they can be…

A

reduced or oxidised

30
Q

is this reduction or oxidation Ca –> Ca2+ + 2e-

A

Ca has lost 2 electrons (oxidation)

31
Q

if there r more things on the left side of the reaction is it reduction or oxidation

A

reduction

32
Q

porous rock definition

A

a rock that can absorb water between grains

33
Q

sedimentary rock definition

A

porous rock formed by the deposition and cementation of material over millions of years

34
Q

non porous rock definition

A

a rock with no space between grains to absorb water

35
Q

what r the 3 fossil fuels and what r they

A

crude oil, coal and natural gas - all finite

36
Q

whats the formation of crude oil and natural gas

A

plankton die and fall to the bottom of the sea. they are buried under sediment in anaerobic conditions. They are subjected to high temp and pressure. the process takes millions of years

37
Q

whats the formation of coal

A

carbon dioxide absorbed during photosynthesis by tree is the make up of coal. these trees die and are buried under the sedement in anaerobic conditions. they are then compressed under high temp for millions of years

38
Q

whats crude oil made up of

A

crude oil is made up of many different hydrocarbons

39
Q

hydrocarbon definition

A

a molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen

40
Q

a group of hydrocarbons is called

A

alkanes

41
Q

whats alkenes general formula

A

CnH2n+2

42
Q

alkenes are also …

A

theyre also saturated they contain single bonds only. there are no c to c double bonds

43
Q

what does distillation seperate

A

distillation separates liquids based on their different boiling points

44
Q

what does fractional distillation separate

A

seperates out crude oil into multiple fractions

45
Q

what happens in fractional distillation

A

crude oil is heated and fed into the bottom of a fractioning column where it is vapourised. the fractioning column is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top - temp gradient. the vapours rise up until they reach their boiling point and condense. the fractions seperate at different levels due to diff boiling points. some fractions remain as gases whereas other fractions do not evaporate when heated

46
Q

flammability definition

A

the ability to set on fire

47
Q

viscosity definition

A

the “stickiness” of a substance ( thickness of liquid)

48
Q

volatility definition

A

ease of evaporation

49
Q

as carbon chain length increases boiling point… flammability… viscosity…. volatility…

A

boiling point increases
flammability decreases
viscosity increases
volatility decreases

50
Q

uses of alkanes:

A

main use is fuel it can also be used as a feedstock

51
Q

whats feedstock

A

a chemical used to make other chemicals

52
Q

crude oil can be used to make…

A

solvents,lubricants, polymers and detergents

53
Q

whats the variety of natural and synthetic compounds are due to…

A

the variety of natural and synthetic compounds are due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds

54
Q

combustion definition

A

release of energy

55
Q

complete combustion - lots of O2
products

A

carbon dioxide and water

56
Q

incomplete combustion is lacking in… and products

A

lacking in oxygen
products - water,carbon monoxide, carbon (soot)

57
Q

what are alkenes

A

another family of hydrocarbons

58
Q

general formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

59
Q

alkenes have a what to what bond and what does it mean

A

alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond this means they are unsaturated

60
Q

whats the test for unsaturation

A

test
add bromine water
result: decolourised from orange to colourless

61
Q

the double bond in alkenes makes them more what

A

more reactive

62
Q

uses of alkenes

A

polymers, plastics,detergents,alcohol and solvents

63
Q

hydrocarbons can be cracked (broken down) from

A

hydrocarbons can be cracked from long chained hydrocarbons in to smaller more useful hydrocarbons that are in higher demand this is called cracking

64
Q

cracking is an example of what

A

cracking s an example of thermal decomposition

65
Q

conditions of cracking

A

catalytic cracking - high temp
pottery chips catalyst ( or Al2O3 or SiO2)

66
Q

whats a catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up the rate but doesnt get used up

67
Q
A

year 9 chem eoy (7 decks)

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