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Part 2a > metals 1 > Flashcards

metals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is medicinal organic chemistry?

A

Area of research concerned with metal ions and metal complexes and their clinical applications.

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2
Q

What are the examples of current clinical use of medicinal organic chemistry?

A

Anticancer agents
Diagnostic agents
Treatment of high phosphate levels
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

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3
Q

What are research areas of medicinal inorganic chemistry?

A

Development of novel therapeutic agents
Interactions of metals and proteins
General functions of metals in living system

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4
Q

What is the definition of metal?

A

A solid whose electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperatures

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of metals?

A

Hard
Shiny
Conductive
Precious

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6
Q

What are metalloids/semi metals?

A

An element that exhibits some metallic characteristics together with non-metallic one.

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7
Q

Why do you use metal based drugs?

A

Metal complexes exhibit unique properties:
○ Metal ions can interact with biochemicals in unique ways
Even toxic metal ions can be administered to the human in a safe way.

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8
Q

What are the 4 properties of interactions with biomolecules

A

Coordination –> DNA deformation
Redox behaviour of metal centres –> Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Magnetic moment –> Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Radioactivity –> radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy

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9
Q

Describe a Bertrand diagram? - toxicity

A
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10
Q

What is the toxicity depend on?

A

Mode of action
Concentration
Essential/ non-essential element
Others

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11
Q

Why are metal ions important for humans?

A 
- Catalysing reactions 
		○ Hydrolytic 
		○ Substrate transfer 
	- Stabilising structures
		○ Protein 
		○ DNA
		○ Skeletal 
	- Charge balancing 
		○ Osmotic balance 
		○ Nerve function 
Replication and information encoding.
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12
Q

Which inorganic elements are important biologically?

A

Bulk biological elements : H,C,N,O,P,S,Cl

bulk metal ion nutrients: Na, Mg, K , Ca

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13
Q

What essential elements are used for a wide range of bacteria/plants/animal?

A

Transition metals

Non-metals

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14
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Ca?

A

Retarded skeletal growth

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Mg?

A

Muscle cramps

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16
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Fe?

A

anemia

immune disorder

17
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Zn?

A

stunted growth
skin damage
retarded maturation

18
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Cu?

A

Liver disorder

secondary anemia

19
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Mn?

A

Infertility

impaired skeletal growth

20
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Mo?

A

retarded cellular growth

21
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Co?

A

pernicious anemia

22
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Ni?

A

Depressed growth

dermatitis

23
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Cr?

A

diabetes symptoms

24
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Si?

A

skeletal growth disorder

25
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

F?

A

dental disorder

26
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

I?

A

thyroid disorder

27
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

Se?

A

cardiac muscular weakness

28
Q

what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements

As?

A

impaired growth in animals

29
Q

what is an atom

A

An atom is the smallest unit of mass that defines the chemical element
Every atom is composed of a nucleus made of one or more protons (positive) and usually an equal or similar number of neutrons (neutral) which is surrounded by electrons (negative).

30
Q

Explain a bohrs model of the atom

A
31
Q

Explain wave model - atomic orbital.

A
32
Q

Explain the element symbol

A

top number : mass number : number of protons + number of neutrons
bottom number: atomic number : number of protons = number of electrons

33
Q

what is an isotope?

A

Mass number changes - isotopes - varying number of neutrons

34
Q

write the electron configuration for sulfur

A

1s (2) , 2s (2) , 2p (6) , 3s (2) , 3p (6) ,4s (2) ,3d,4p,5s - capacity of each shell

Part 2a (12 decks)

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