metals 1 Flashcards
What is medicinal organic chemistry?
Area of research concerned with metal ions and metal complexes and their clinical applications.
What are the examples of current clinical use of medicinal organic chemistry?
Anticancer agents
Diagnostic agents
Treatment of high phosphate levels
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
What are research areas of medicinal inorganic chemistry?
Development of novel therapeutic agents
Interactions of metals and proteins
General functions of metals in living system
What is the definition of metal?
A solid whose electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperatures
What are some characteristics of metals?
Hard
Shiny
Conductive
Precious
What are metalloids/semi metals?
An element that exhibits some metallic characteristics together with non-metallic one.
Why do you use metal based drugs?
Metal complexes exhibit unique properties:
○ Metal ions can interact with biochemicals in unique ways
Even toxic metal ions can be administered to the human in a safe way.
What are the 4 properties of interactions with biomolecules
Coordination –> DNA deformation
Redox behaviour of metal centres –> Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Magnetic moment –> Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Radioactivity –> radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy
Describe a Bertrand diagram? - toxicity
What is the toxicity depend on?
Mode of action
Concentration
Essential/ non-essential element
Others
Why are metal ions important for humans?
- Catalysing reactions ○ Hydrolytic ○ Substrate transfer - Stabilising structures ○ Protein ○ DNA ○ Skeletal - Charge balancing ○ Osmotic balance ○ Nerve function Replication and information encoding.
Which inorganic elements are important biologically?
Bulk biological elements : H,C,N,O,P,S,Cl
bulk metal ion nutrients: Na, Mg, K , Ca
What essential elements are used for a wide range of bacteria/plants/animal?
Transition metals
Non-metals
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Ca?
Retarded skeletal growth
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Mg?
Muscle cramps
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Fe?
anemia
immune disorder
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Zn?
stunted growth
skin damage
retarded maturation
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Cu?
Liver disorder
secondary anemia
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Mn?
Infertility
impaired skeletal growth
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Mo?
retarded cellular growth
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Co?
pernicious anemia
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Ni?
Depressed growth
dermatitis
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Cr?
diabetes symptoms
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Si?
skeletal growth disorder
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
F?
dental disorder
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
I?
thyroid disorder
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
Se?
cardiac muscular weakness
what are the symptoms of deficiency of elements
As?
impaired growth in animals
what is an atom
An atom is the smallest unit of mass that defines the chemical element
Every atom is composed of a nucleus made of one or more protons (positive) and usually an equal or similar number of neutrons (neutral) which is surrounded by electrons (negative).
Explain a bohrs model of the atom
Explain wave model - atomic orbital.
Explain the element symbol
top number : mass number : number of protons + number of neutrons
bottom number: atomic number : number of protons = number of electrons
what is an isotope?
Mass number changes - isotopes - varying number of neutrons
write the electron configuration for sulfur
1s (2) , 2s (2) , 2p (6) , 3s (2) , 3p (6) ,4s (2) ,3d,4p,5s - capacity of each shell
