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THPAL > Metallurgy Of Nickel > Flashcards

Metallurgy Of Nickel Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of Chromium that makes Stainless steel corrosion resistant, and have bright silvery appearance

A

10.5%

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2
Q

Component that stabilizes authentic structure of steel

A

Nickel

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3
Q

Properties of stainless steel when Nickel is added

A

High tensile strength, high ductility, low yield stress

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4
Q

Physical Characteristics of Pure Nickel metal

A

Lustrous, silvery-white, hard, malleable, and ductile

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5
Q

Natural Forms of Nickel

A
  • Laterite
  • Pentlandite
  • Millerite
  • Nickeline/ Niccolite
  • Nickel Glance
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6
Q

Oxide form of Nickel

A

Laterite

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7
Q

Sulfide form of Nickel

A

Millerite

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8
Q

Mineral consisting mainly of iron-nickel sulfide

A

Pentlandite

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9
Q

Mineral consisting primarily of nickel arsenide

A

Nickeline / Niccolite

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10
Q

Nickel arsenic sulfide mineral

A

GERSDORFFITE / Nickel Glance

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11
Q

Top 5 Most Abundant Element by Mass

A
  1. Iron
  2. Oxygen
  3. Silicon
  4. Magnesium
  5. Nickel
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12
Q

60% of the Nickel is found in _ while the rest is found in _.

A
  • Laterite
  • sulfide deposits
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13
Q

Types of Nickel Ore

A
  • Nickel Sulfide Ore
  • Nickel Oxide Ore
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14
Q

Process in formation of volcanic material

A

Volcanic material -> Sulfidation in magma -> Nickel Sulfide Ore

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15
Q

Process of formation of laterite from parent rock by extended weathering

A

Lateritization

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16
Q

Zones/Types of laterite levels

A
  • Limonite
  • Saprolite
17
Q

Zone of laterite where iron is high and Nickel, Magnesium, and Silicate is low

A

Limonite

18
Q

Zone of laterite where iron is low and nickel, magnesium, silicate

A

Saprolite

19
Q

Color of saprolite zone

A

Greenish-yellowish, clayey

20
Q

Color of limonite zone

A

Reddish-yellowish

21
Q

Layer where serpentinized peridotite and dunite

A

Bed Rock Zone

22
Q

Areas where nickel oxide deposits are found

A

Tropical areas

23
Q

Types of Ore Treatment

A
  • Pyrometallurgy
  • Hydrometallurgy
24
Q

Extraction and refinery of ores using high energy input

A

Pyrometallurgy

25
Q

Involves the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials.

A

Hydrometallurgy

26
Q

Treatment of Laterite Ores and Their Respective Types

A
  1. Iron-Nickel Process - Pyrometallurgy
  2. HPAL Process - Hydrometallurgy
  3. Utility Nickel Process - Both
27
Q

Advantages of HPAL

A
  • Applied to low-grade laterites
  • Much acid is regenerated
  • > 95% can be separated
  • Energy Intensive Process
28
Q

Applications of Nickel

A
  • Stainless steel
  • Super alloys
  • Other Alloys
  • Battery
  • Catalysts
  • Colorant
  • Electronics
  • Others
29
Q

Disadvantage of HPAL

A
  • Not economical to saprolite
  • Corrosive to equipment and requires maintenance
  • Excess free acid needs neutralization

THPAL (6 decks)

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