Metallurgy Of Nickel Flashcards
Percentage of Chromium that makes Stainless steel corrosion resistant, and have bright silvery appearance
10.5%
Component that stabilizes authentic structure of steel
Nickel
Properties of stainless steel when Nickel is added
High tensile strength, high ductility, low yield stress
Physical Characteristics of Pure Nickel metal
Lustrous, silvery-white, hard, malleable, and ductile
Natural Forms of Nickel
- Laterite
- Pentlandite
- Millerite
- Nickeline/ Niccolite
- Nickel Glance
Oxide form of Nickel
Laterite
Sulfide form of Nickel
Millerite
Mineral consisting mainly of iron-nickel sulfide
Pentlandite
Mineral consisting primarily of nickel arsenide
Nickeline / Niccolite
Nickel arsenic sulfide mineral
GERSDORFFITE / Nickel Glance
Top 5 Most Abundant Element by Mass
- Iron
- Oxygen
- Silicon
- Magnesium
- Nickel
60% of the Nickel is found in _ while the rest is found in _.
- Laterite
- sulfide deposits
Types of Nickel Ore
- Nickel Sulfide Ore
- Nickel Oxide Ore
Process in formation of volcanic material
Volcanic material -> Sulfidation in magma -> Nickel Sulfide Ore
Process of formation of laterite from parent rock by extended weathering
Lateritization
Zones/Types of laterite levels
- Limonite
- Saprolite
Zone of laterite where iron is high and Nickel, Magnesium, and Silicate is low
Limonite
Zone of laterite where iron is low and nickel, magnesium, silicate
Saprolite
Color of saprolite zone
Greenish-yellowish, clayey
Color of limonite zone
Reddish-yellowish
Layer where serpentinized peridotite and dunite
Bed Rock Zone
Areas where nickel oxide deposits are found
Tropical areas
Types of Ore Treatment
- Pyrometallurgy
- Hydrometallurgy
Extraction and refinery of ores using high energy input
Pyrometallurgy
Involves the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials.
Hydrometallurgy
Treatment of Laterite Ores and Their Respective Types
- Iron-Nickel Process - Pyrometallurgy
- HPAL Process - Hydrometallurgy
- Utility Nickel Process - Both
Advantages of HPAL
- Applied to low-grade laterites
- Much acid is regenerated
- > 95% can be separated
- Energy Intensive Process
Applications of Nickel
- Stainless steel
- Super alloys
- Other Alloys
- Battery
- Catalysts
- Colorant
- Electronics
- Others
Disadvantage of HPAL
- Not economical to saprolite
- Corrosive to equipment and requires maintenance
- Excess free acid needs neutralization
