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Proteins and Proteomics BCEM 431 > Metalloproteins 1 > Flashcards

Metalloproteins 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the therapeutic elements?

A

Pt, Au, Li, Sb

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2
Q

What are non-essential toxic elements?

A

Be, Al, As, Cd, Hg, Ti, Pb

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3
Q

What are essential trace elements?

A

Co, Cr, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, V, Zn

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4
Q

Essential major elements?

A

Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, K, S, P, Si

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5
Q

is Arsenic a non-metal, metalloid or metal?

A

Metalloid

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6
Q

Inductive Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) can detect what?

A

all metals, all metalloids and some non-metals. Including lots of nonessential elements

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7
Q

How do non-essential elements get into the human body?

A

Food, Water, Environment, Products

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8
Q

What is the key metalloid in the drugs which treat leishmania?

A

Sb (antimony) - Meglumine antimoniate

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9
Q

What is the key metal used in one product to act as an antimicrobial, insecticide, wood preservative, textile additive and marine ship paint?

A

Sn (tin) - Tributyltin (Sn(IV))

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10
Q

Why aren’t Zn, Mg or Ca involved in oxidation/reduction reactions.

A

Because Mg and Ca have an s valance orbital and so would be unstable at any other charge, thus they can not give or take any electrons. Zn also only have its s orbitals available for reactions.

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11
Q

Why is Aluminum toxic?

A

Al 3+ resembles Fe 3+ and can also bind to Mg 2+ binding sites

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12
Q

Why is Beryllium toxic?

A

Be 2+ can bind to Mg 2+ binding sites. It is the most toxic element.

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13
Q

Why is Cadmium toxic?

A

Cd 2+ can bind to Zn binding sites in proteins

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14
Q

Why is Mercury toxic?

A

Hg + and Hg 2+ can react in the body to form methyl-mercury which impairs neurological development.

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15
Q

Why is lead toxic?

A

Pb 2+ interferes in the activity of various enzymes and the central nervous system.

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16
Q

Why are ingested radioactive compounds so dangerous?

A

Some metal isotopes like 90 Sr will be miss-incorporated into the bones in lieu of Ca 2+ and cause long term radioactive damage.

17
Q

Why are Arsenate (As IV) and (As III) toxic?

A

As IV is toxic because it is an analogue of phosphate groups but cannot carryout its functions.

As III is toxic because it is highly reactive to thiol groups in proteins, causing them to break down.

18
Q

How is Lithium (Li) used in drugs?

A

it treats manic depression

19
Q

How is Platinum (Pt) used in drugs?

A

It is part of Cytotoxic anticancer drugs like cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin.

20
Q

How is Gold (Au) used in drugs?

A

its is part of an anti-arthritic drug called Auranofin

21
Q

How is Technetium (Tc) used in drugs?

A

Tc-99m is a gamma ray emitter which is easy to detect (m stands for metastable) it has a short physical and biological half life so it is not as dangerous as other radioactive substances. One such drug is Cardiolyte, a heart imaging agent.

22
Q

How is Gadolinium (Gd) used in drugs?

A

It is an MRI relaxation reagent used to enhance image quality.

23
Q

How is Vanadium (V) used in drugs?

A

it is an Insulin-mimetic compound.

24
Q

How does cisplatin and its more selective cousin carboplatin fight cancer?

A

pg 4

25
Q

What are the characteristics of a hard acid - hard base ionic interaction?

A

p-orbital of ligand is filled
d-orbital of metal is empty
big differences in electronegativity
no pi-electron transfer

26
Q

What are the characteristics of a soft acid - soft base chemical bond?

A

p-orbital of ligand is empty
d-orbital of metal is loosely filled
small differences in electronegativity
pi-electron transfer

27
Q

What are examples of hard metals?

A

Na + K + Fe 3+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+

28
Q

What are examples of borderline metals?

A

Fe 2+ Zn 2+ Co 2+ Cu 2+

29
Q

What are examples of soft metals?

A

Cu + Pt 2+ Hg 2+ Cd 2+ Pb 2+

30
Q

What are the 9 amino acids which can bind metals / metal ions?

A

Asn Asp Cys Gln His Met Ser, Thr, Tyr

31
Q

Metallothionein:
What is the function?
Does it bind soft or hard metals?
What ligands does it use?

A

It detoxifies body of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is also involved in the metabolism of ZINC and copper.
It binds soft metals.
The ligand is Cys

32
Q

Calmodulin
Function?
Type of metal it binds?
What ligands does it use?

A

It acts as an intermediary protein which controls calcium levels, especially in smooth muscle.
Hard metal (Ca 2+)
Asp, Asn, Glu, H2O

33
Q

Draw monodentate, bidentate and bidentate bridging

A

pg 3

34
Q

What is the coordination geometry of:
1) cisplatin-Pt2+ / albumin
2) Zn 2+
3) Cu 2+ prion
4) Fe 3+/Mg 2+
5) Ca2+

A

1) Trigonal planar
2) Tetrahedral
3) Square pyramidal
4) Octahedral
5) Pentagonal bipyramidal

35
Q

Transferrin
Function?
Type of metal it binds
What ligands does it use?

A

It acts as a reservoir and transports iron through the blood stream to the liver, spleen, bone marrow and other areas of the body.
It binds Fe 3+ strongly since it has 6 hard oxygen ligands, but has a lower affinity for borderline Fe 2+.

36
Q

What is the coordination geometry of an EF-hand Ca 2+ binding site?

A

octahedral. (6 side or main chain oxygens, 1 water molecule oxygen)

Proteins and Proteomics BCEM 431 (13 decks)

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