METALANGUAGE : Phonetics & Phonology Flashcards
Prosodic Feature: Pitch
- The squeakiness (higher pitch) or depth (lower pitch) of your voice
- Frequently used by football commentators; gets higher towards the end of the race
- Important in conveying sentence meaning
- A statement usually ends with a lower pitch, and a question higher
Prosodic Feature: Stress
- The term used for the syllable that is given prominence in a word
- e.g. In the word “hallucination” you can find the stressed syllable by clapping to each syllable- it should be the second to last syllable, on the word “insult” it’s the first syllable
Prosodic Feature: Volume
-Refers to the loudness of the speech, and the interlocutors
Prosodic Feature: Tempo
- The pace of speech
- Can be slow, fast, rhythmic
Prosodic Feature: Intonation
-The pitch pattern of a sentence
-Use modulation in our voice to convey meaning such as surprise, agreement or denial
-e.g. •Falling int.: I’ll never be caught dead in that dress
•High rising int.: Have you ever told a lie? No. Never?!
•Falling-rising int.: I wouldn’t say never…
Vocal Effects
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Vocal Effect: Coughs
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Vocal Effect: Laughter
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Vocal Effect: Breath
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Assimilation
- Sounds may change become more like its neighboring sound
e. g. Atom becomes “adom”, “Get it” becomes “ged it”
Vowel Reduction
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Elision
- Occurs when sounds are left out
- Happens in everyday, normal speech
e. g. “Grandmother” becomes “granmotha”
Insertion
The addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially to the interior of a word
e.g ‘drawing’ is usually pronounced as “drawring”, ‘something’ becomes ‘somepthing’
Broad Australian Accent
The Australian accent most associated with the working class speech e.g "She'll be right, mate"
General Australian Accent
The Australian English accent that is in the middle of the continuum between a broad and cultivated accent
Cultivated Australian Accent
The Australian English accent closest to a standard British pronunciation in English
Alliteration
A sound pattern that uses identical consonants at the beginning of words
e.g “Benny Botter bought a bag of butter”
Assonance
The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in words
e.g ‘I made my way to the lake’ (the ‘a’ vowel sound is repeated)
Consonance
A type of sound pattern that involves the use of identical consonants or consonant clusters at the end of word
e.g “The lumpy, bumpy road” (the sound ‘umpy’ is repeated)
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate the sounds they refer to
e.g “woof”=dog, “maiow”=cat
Rhythm
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Rhyme
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Prosodic Features
- The features which add additional meaning to the words we use when speaking
- Include: stress, pitch, intonation, tempo and volume
- Can be shown (to a limited extent) in writing through the use of capitals (to indicate shouting) and emoticons (to convey sarcasm or humour)
Phonetics and Phonology
The study of sounds and sound patterns
