METALANGUAGE : Phonetics & Phonology

Question 1

Prosodic Feature: Pitch

Answer 1

• The squeakiness (higher pitch) or depth (lower pitch) of your voice
• Frequently used by football commentators; gets higher towards the end of the race
• Important in conveying sentence meaning
• A statement usually ends with a lower pitch, and a question higher

Question 2

Prosodic Feature: Stress

Answer 2

• The term used for the syllable that is given prominence in a word
• e.g. In the word “hallucination” you can find the stressed syllable by clapping to each syllable- it should be the second to last syllable, on the word “insult” it’s the first syllable

Question 3

Prosodic Feature: Volume

Answer 3

-Refers to the loudness of the speech, and the interlocutors

Question 4

Prosodic Feature: Tempo

Answer 4

• The pace of speech

- Can be slow, fast, rhythmic

Question 5

Prosodic Feature: Intonation

Answer 5

-The pitch pattern of a sentence
-Use modulation in our voice to convey meaning such as surprise, agreement or denial
-e.g. •Falling int.: I’ll never be caught dead in that dress
•High rising int.: Have you ever told a lie? No. Never?!
•Falling-rising int.: I wouldn’t say never…

Question 6

Vocal Effects

Answer 6

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Question 7

Vocal Effect: Coughs

Answer 7

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Question 8

Vocal Effect: Laughter

Answer 8

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Question 9

Vocal Effect: Breath

Answer 9

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Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

• Sounds may change become more like its neighboring sound

e. g. Atom becomes “adom”, “Get it” becomes “ged it”

Question 11

Vowel Reduction

Answer 11

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Question 12

Elision

Answer 12

• Occurs when sounds are left out
• Happens in everyday, normal speech
  e. g. “Grandmother” becomes “granmotha”

Question 13

Insertion

Answer 13

The addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially to the interior of a word
e.g ‘drawing’ is usually pronounced as “drawring”, ‘something’ becomes ‘somepthing’

Question 14

Broad Australian Accent

Answer 14

The Australian accent most associated with the working class speech
e.g "She'll be right, mate"

Question 15

General Australian Accent

Answer 15

The Australian English accent that is in the middle of the continuum between a broad and cultivated accent

Question 16

Cultivated Australian Accent

Answer 16

The Australian English accent closest to a standard British pronunciation in English

Question 17

Alliteration

Answer 17

A sound pattern that uses identical consonants at the beginning of words
e.g “Benny Botter bought a bag of butter”

Question 18

Assonance

Answer 18

The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in words

e.g ‘I made my way to the lake’ (the ‘a’ vowel sound is repeated)

Question 19

Consonance

Answer 19

A type of sound pattern that involves the use of identical consonants or consonant clusters at the end of word
e.g “The lumpy, bumpy road” (the sound ‘umpy’ is repeated)

Question 20

Onomatopoeia

Answer 20

Words that imitate the sounds they refer to

e.g “woof”=dog, “maiow”=cat

Question 21

Rhythm

Answer 21

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Question 22

Rhyme

Answer 22

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Question 23

Prosodic Features

Answer 23

• The features which add additional meaning to the words we use when speaking
• Include: stress, pitch, intonation, tempo and volume
• Can be shown (to a limited extent) in writing through the use of capitals (to indicate shouting) and emoticons (to convey sarcasm or humour)

Question 24

Phonetics and Phonology

Answer 24

The study of sounds and sound patterns