Metalanguage Flashcards
Elision
omission of sounds or syllables eg: interesting -> intresting
vowel reduction
unstressed sound change
eg: were -> wa
insertion
adding sounds
eg: drink a bottle
flapping
voicing midvoiceless sounds
eg: water -> wader
Assimilation
sound changes to resemble near by sounds
eg: pancake -> pangkake
hypocoristic suffixation
shortening of a word and adding a suffix
relative-> relo
barbeque-> barbie
reduplication
rhyming patterning
eg: okey dokey, School Shmool
slang
metaphor, assimilation, word play, shortening -> shows familiararity
swearing
exclamatory interjection- ‘shit!’
insult- ‘i cant belive this shit’
social functions- ‘how the fuck are ya?’
dysphemism- tight arse
dysphemism
magnifies unpleasant meaning
cause offence for humour or abuse
taboo
socially prescbribed as improper/ unacceptable
ellipsis
grammatical elements omitted
eg: ‘/ you going?’
non-standard subject- verb agreement
verb and subject dont agree
‘we was just talkin’
determiner
Articles (such as ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’)
Possessive Determiners (such as ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’, ‘its’, ‘our’ and ‘their’)
Demonstrative Determiners (such as ‘this’, ‘that’, ‘those’ and ‘these’)
Quantifiers (such as ‘some’, ‘a few’, ‘many’, ‘a little’, ‘little’, ‘few’, ‘none’, etc)
pronouns
Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)
Object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them)
Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)
Jakobson’s function
- refeterential
- conative
- phatic
- emotive
- poetic
- metalinguistic
referential function
provides info eg: the bus leaves in 5 mins
conative function
engages adressee eg; can you open the door
phatic function
displays social connection eg: hi maiya how are you
emotive function
discuss desires, feelings
eg: wow, what a view!!!!
metalinguistic function
discuss language itself eg: nouns
poetic function
used to give beauty/ discourse aesthetic purposes
eg: to be or not to be
discourse FEATURES
discourse particles/ markers
openings/ closing
overlapping speech
nonfluency features- pauses, voiced hesitations, false starts, repetitions, repair
adjacency pairs, minimal responses, backchanneling
discourse STRATEGIES
topic management
turn taking
management of repair sequences
code switching as a marker of group membership and belonging
openings
ritualistic and expected- hi how are you?
protocols/ scripted- hello welcome to life insurance
discourse structure
spontaneous/ planned
informal/ formal
adjacency pairs
q + a response
offer + refusal/ acceptance
statement/ acknowledgement
turn taking
rising/ falling intonation
altered volume/ pace
direct signals- vocative
body lang
taking the floor
increased volume
stress
intake of breath
discourse particles
vocatives
vocal effects
overlap
topic management
Interogatives, declaratives, imperatives
noun phrase, fragments
topic loop
holding the floor
filler, voiced hesitations eg: um, ah ,er
prosodics- elongation of sound, pace, rising intonation, volume
non fluency features
pauses
repetition
apologies- discourse breakdown
false start- beginning
running repair- middle
fillers/ voiced hes
back channeling
minimal response
listening sounds- mm, ahh, um
—> encouragement, agreement, support and understanding
