MetaLanguage Flashcards
What is the difference between positive and negative face
A positive face is the desire to be viewed positively and to be apreciated and respected, wheras a negative face is the desure to be viewed as independant and autonomous
What makes communication Sucessful
mutual agreement
function of text is achieved
people understand what is being communicated
reach the target audience
What is phonetics and phonology
Phonetics- The study of sounds
Phonology- The study of how sounds are organised
Syntax
the study of sentence structure
what is morphology and lexicology
The study of the gramatical gravity of words and what they mean
what is semantics
The study of linguistic meaning
What is discourse
Discourse involves sequences of language that are larger than a sentence.
What are presodic features
Pitch, stress volume, tempo and intonation
What is assimilation
When a sound is modified because of the phonemes around it changes it to fit in
Like handbag turning into hambag
What is vowel reduction
When vowels are unstressed and are reduced to a schwa sound
what are you doing- what are ya doing
What is elision
when sounds are omitted
Fish and chips- fish n chips
What is insertion
when speakers add or insert sounds into a word
Going- Gowing
What are function and content words
Function words are necassary words for grammar such as pronouns, auxiliary verbs, Modal verbs, prepositions, determiners, conjunctions, and interjections
What is a prefix, suffix and infix
a prefix is a fix put at the start of a word
a suffix is a fix put at the end of the word
and a infix is a fix in the word
What is an inflextion and derivation
inflextional morephemes change the tense or the plural while derivational morphemes change the word class or changes the meaning of a word
What are nouns
Are names of people and things, including abstract things such as cat, Joanne table, Australia
What are verbs
Refer to actions, processes, states of being, etc such as run talk, swimming
What are auxilary verds
Provide grammatical information to the main verb, such as tenses, for example, to be, to have and to get
what are modal verbs
Indicate possibility, likelihood, or obligation and a pad. With a main verb. This can be Ken, must, should, might, could, May, Will, shell and would
what are adjectives
Descriptive words to modify nouns such as big, dangerous and funny
what are adverbs
Descriptive words, used for used to modify verbs by giving information about time, frequency or manner.
what are preposition
Often shown partial positions, such as at, in, on, under, to and from
what are pronouns
Are used in place of nouns often, to save repetition and to reference previous nouns
what are conjunctions
Link phrases and closest together, such as end, but, or
what are determiners
Give information about the nouns that follow them like which nouns they are talking about such as those ,this, my and your
what are interjections
Expressed strong feelings, such a surprise such as oh, yuck, gosh, and wow
What is a fragment and simple sentence
A simple sentence contains a single clause where, as a sentence fragment typically is used in informal or casual settings act as a sentence, even though they aren’t a complete clause
What is a compound sentence
Contains to a more independent clauses, joined by coordinating conjunction (Fanboys)
what is a complex sentence
Contains an independent clause and one and more dependent clauses, joined by a subordinating conjunction
what is a compound complex sentences
Contains two or more independent clauses in one or more dependent clauses
what are root, bound and freemorphemes
what is suffixations
the process of adding a suffix to a word
what is suffixations
the process of adding a suffix to a word
Blend
A word or phrase that has been shortened by dropping one or more letters which have been replaced with an apostrophe
Acronyms
Words formed from the initials of other words, and pronounced as letters
Initialisms
Words formed from initials of other words and pronounced as a word
Shortening
Shortened versions of longer words
Compounding words
Words formed from the combination of two or more free mophemes
Contractions
Words formed from the contraction of two or more existing words
Collocations
Words that commonly go together
Neologisms
Newly coined words
Commonisation
Words formed when a proper noun becomes a common noun
Declarative sentence
Provides information observation, or statements
Imperative sentence
Give a direct order or instruction
Interrogative sentence
Are used to frame questions
Exlamation sentence
Are used to make exclamations
What is a subject, object, complement and adverbial
The subject is what/who the sentence is about, and direct object receives the verb, whereas the indirect object receives the direct object. A compliment word, phrase, or clause provides extra information about the subject object, but is not needed to complete an expression or to complete the meaning of the sentence. An adverbial phrase is optional, included that modifies the verb adverbials can be adverbs
What is code switching
process of shifting from one linguistic code (a language or dialect) to another, depending on the social context or conversational setting.
Semantic fields/ domains
A topic that is related to a set of words such as cooking would have baking frying and boiling
Register
the level of formality used
what is standard and non standard english
Non-standard English is an informal version of English. It usually contains slang and colloquialisms that wouldn’t be used in more formal or professional settings. It’s the opposite of standard English, which is defined by its use of proper spelling, grammar and punctuation.
