metalanaguage

Question 1

phonetics

Answer 1

Phonetics and phonology refer to the study of the sounds of language. Phonetics refers to how sounds are produced, transmitted and received.

Question 2

IPA

Answer 2

the IPA is a phonetic notation system used to represent all the sounds in human speech.

Question 3

Prosodic features

Answer 3

Prosodic features are stress, pitch, intonation, tempo and volume.

Question 4

pitch

Answer 4

refers to the height of a sound

Vocal cords vibrate faster for a higher pitch and slower for a lower pitch

Question 5

stress

Answer 5

is emphasis on a syllable of a certain word in a phrase or sentence

e.g: ‘catastrophe’ OR (ca^tastrophe) OR (Catastrophe)

Question 6

volume

Answer 6

loudness of speech

Question 7

tempo

Answer 7

AKA pace, concerns the speed we speak at

Fast speech could indicate excitement or nervousness

slow speech could indicate reflection

Question 8

intonation

Answer 8

is the pattern of pitch changes in speech; the patterns made by rising and falling pitch

i.e we have a higher pitch at. the end of the sentence when asking a question

Question 9

denontation

Answer 9

the dictionary meaning of a word

Question 10

connantation

Answer 10

the emotional meaning of words (influenced by personality, belief and experience)

for example :

• bloody
• rosy

Question 11

dipthong

Answer 11

a combination of two vowels

Question 12

phonology

Answer 12

• phonology is the study of the sound system of a language.

- there are 44 sounds in australian english

Question 13

morphology

Answer 13

Morphology refers to the grammar of the word, where it fits into a sentence and how we can break it down.

Question 14

Lexicology

Answer 14

Lexicology concerns the whole word, its meaning and etymology. also how it can be decoded into other languages.

Question 15

nouns

Answer 15

Words that name people, places and things

Question 16

types of nouns

Answer 16

• common nouns
  
  • count
  • non-count nouns
• proper nouns
• collective nouns
• plural nouns

Question 17

common nouns

Answer 17

Common nouns can be concrete (touchable, can be known through the senses) or abstract (ideas, concepts, emotions). Concrete common nouns include words such as “table ‘,’ giraffe ‘,’ skeleton ‘,’ kangaroo ‘and’ jump ‘(also a verb, but more on this later). If we can see, touch, taste, hear or smell it, it is considered concrete. Abstract common nouns include concepts such as ‘truth’, ‘bravery’ and ‘justice’. Common nouns can be further divided into

Question 18

count nouns

Answer 18

Count nouns are nouns that can be counted and can therefore also be made plural: for example, ‘coin’, ‘book’.

Question 19

non-count nouns

Answer 19

Non-count nouns refer to things that cannot be counted, and have no plural form: for example, ‘traffic’, ‘information’.

Question 20

proper nouns

Answer 20

Proper nouns are always capitalized and name specific things (usually places people) such as ‘Melbourne’, ‘Flinders Street Station’, ‘Imogene’ and ‘Nguyen’.

Question 21

Collective nouns

Answer 21

Collective nouns include the names for groups of animals, people and things. Examples include ‘swarm’ (group of bees), ‘murder’ (group of crows) and ‘parliament’ (group of owls), as well as ‘police’ (group of police officers), ‘family’ (group of related members ) and ‘people’ (group of humans).

Question 22

Adjectives

Answer 22

Adjectives define or modify nouns. They can refer to qualities (“red ‘,’ round ‘), size (‘ tiny ‘,’ huge ‘), judgments (‘ wicked ‘,’ attractive”) or degree of comparison (‘faster’).

Question 23

adverbs

Answer 23

adverbs perform a range of functions, this is a sizeable and at times confusing word class. The function you are probably most familiar with is to modify verbs, but they can also modify adjectives (‘very tired’, ‘really angry’ ) and even other adverbs (“terribly slowly”, “unbelievably rapidly”).

Question 24

types of adverbs

Answer 24

time: ‘soon’, ‘later’
frequency: ‘always’, ‘occasionally’, ‘never’
manner: ‘unconvincingly’, ‘slowly’, ‘torrentially’
place: ‘around’, ‘everywhere’, ‘here’, ‘there’
degree: ‘completely’, ‘totally’, ‘very’, ‘somewhat’

Question 25

verbs

Answer 25

verbs denote actions (e.g. ‘run’), processes (e.g. ‘think’) and states (e.g. ‘be’)

Question 26

Regular verbs

Answer 26

Regular verbs form their past tense by adding the suffix -ed, as in ‘jumped’, ‘dreamed’ and ‘registered’. Sometimes minor changes are required to the verb, such as doubling the last letter (e.g. ‘dropped’).

Question 27

Irregular verbs

Answer 27

Irregular verbs form their past tense in a variety of ways that typically involve a change to the stem of the word (e.g. ‘swim’ becomes ‘swam’ and ‘bring’ becomes ‘brought’)