Metagenomics With Microbiota Flashcards
What is Kwashiorkor
Severe acute malnutrition
Shows pot belly
Fatty liver
Anorexia
What did indi trehan do
See twin pair one with Marasmus one with Kwashiorkor
Hypothesis but microbiology affected risk
Analysis of twin pair
50% well nourished
43% discordant
7% concordat malnutrition
Analysed faecal samples of Kwashiorkor / healthy discordant pairs after getting RUTF
Sequences compared to KEGGG
No link between zygosity or gender or location for concordance in malnutrition
Principle Co Analysis established link between Kwashiorkor and gut microbiome
Kwashiorkor and Gnobiotic mice
Discordant twin pairs faecal transplanted into mice
Mice fed Malawian diets
In 2 of 3 twin pairs
Kwashiorkor transplant caused greater weight loss in mice
RUTF reversed weight loss
Still susceptible to weight loss after so not cure
Metagenomic analysis of Kwashiorkor gut
Done between healthy and Kwashiorkor during RUTF
Observed increase in lactobacillus and Clostridia
Decrease in bacteroides
Malawian diet low in methionine and cysteine
B.wadsworthia outcompete host for sulfur in Kwashiorkor gut microbiome
In Kwashiorkor urinary fumerate excretoon decoupled from other TCA intermediates
So vicious cycle of undernutrition
Metagenomic for microbiota and autism
Study showed prevalence of IBD an GI disorders for ASD individuals
Papers previously shown gut microbiota affect social and anxiety disorder
Used MIA model as immune system
Activation risk for immune system while pregnant
Faecal analysis of adult MIA and control mice
Showed diversity in operational taxonomy units of Clostridia and bacteroides
Therefore ASD show microbiota change
In autism study how was treatment done
MIA offspring treated with B.fragillis for 8 weeks and corrected MIA associated change on IL-6 mRNA
B fragillis was not detected as colonising therefore treats not prevents MIA pathology
B.fragillis treated MIA offspring showed improved communication but does not cure social interaction issues
MIA offspring has 46 fold increase in 4EPES
Restored by B fragillis
4EPES administered to wild type showed anxiety like behaviours
Conclude commensal bacteria produce metabolites that influence ASD related GI deficits and behavioural abnormalities
Metagonimc on how diet rapidly alters the human gut microbiome
On how western diet alters gut microbiota
Increasing chronic illness
Investigated what dietary intervention did
Small sample size
Observed 4 days before and 5 after new diet
Plant diet=maintained weight
Animal based diet= weigh decreased significantly by day 3 (not due to calorie difference)
Metagenomic 16rRNA data showed consistent with transcriptional profile of herbivores/carnivores
Bacteria used in animal based products lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci enriched in faecal sample on animal diet
Metagenomic on rapidly changing diet gnobiotic mouse model tests
With animal fat diet
Increased DCA
Increased bacterial bike salt hydrolases; prerequisite for microbial production of DCA
DCA inhibits growth of bacteroides and fimicutes
Evidence human gut microbiome can rapidly switch between profiles of herbivores and carnivore
