Metabolismul energetic Flashcards

1
Q

Rolul biochimic al ATP

A

Furnizeaza energie pentru realizarea functiilor celulare si tisulare:

  • energie osmotica pentru schimburile transmembranare
  • energie mecanica pentru contractia musculara
  • energie chimica pentru sinteza biomoleculelor
  • energie electrica pentru propagarea influxului nervos
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2
Q

Cum se furnizeaza energia din ATP?

A

Prin hidroliza legaturilor macroergice din structura sa

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3
Q

Care sunt legaturile macroergice?

A

fosforica anhidra in ATP
fosforica mixta in 1,3-difosfoglicerat
tioester
enolfosfat

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4
Q

Alte roluri ale ATP

A

donor grupari fosfat pt enzimele din clasa kinazelor
donor de Pi, pt. activarea tiaminei (B1)
donor AMP
donor de adenozina

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5
Q

Cate legaturi macroergice contine ATP?

A
  1. durata de viata 1 min.
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6
Q

Care sunt coenzimele nicotinamidice?

A

NAD+ : nicotin-adenin-dinucleotid derivat din vit PP (acid nicotinic)
NADP+: nicotin-adenin-dinucleotidfosfat

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7
Q

Coenzimele nicotinamidice - caracteristici

A

NAD+
-nu traverseaza membrana mitocondriala, de aceea exista doua rezervoare: unul citoplasmatic (extramitocondrial) si unul intramitocondrial.

  • este o coenzima libera
  • forma redusa are rol reglator, cand se acumuleaza peste o anumita limita = inhibitor al unei dehidrogenaze

NADP+
-rol in biosinteza

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8
Q

Coenzimele flavinice - tipuri

A
FMN = falvin-mononucleotid
FAD = flavin-adenin-dinucleotid
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9
Q

Coenzimele flavinice - caracteristici

A
  • derivate ale riboflavinei (B2)

- prezente in membrana interna a mitocondriei

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10
Q

Cum functioneaza coenzimele flavinice?

A

Ca si grupari prostetice, fiind atasate permanent de structura acestora.

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11
Q

Ce tip de coenzime sunt citocromii?

A

Coenzime de oxido-reducere monovalente

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12
Q

Ce sunt transportorii de electroni?

A

Coenzime ale dehidrogenazelor. Intervin in reactiile de oxido-reducere

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