Metabolism of nutrients after absorption

Question 1

Transport to the liver by the

Answer 1

hepatic portal system

Question 2

The liver is a major organ involved in

Answer 2

metabolism

Question 3

The liver has a dual blood supply

Answer 3

(a) The nutrient circulation by the hepatic A supplies 400 ml/min and
transports to the liver
[1] Nutrients and oxygen
[2] Lipids absorbed by lymph system
(b) The hepatic portal v. supplies 1100 ml/min and transports all other
absorbed foods to the liver

Question 4

The blood exits the liver through the ____ which drains 1500 ml/min

Answer 4

hepatic v.

Question 5

Portal obstruction effects

Answer 5

(a) Esophageal v.

(b) Inferior mesenteric v.

Question 6

(a) Esophageal v.

Answer 6

[1] A vein located in the esophageal submucosa
[2] Blood flow from the gastric v. through the esophageal v. into the azygous system
[3] The veins are non-elastic and fragile
[4] When portal pressure increases, esophageal veins:
[a] Provide collateral flow from gut to heart
[b] Lead to esophageal bleeding (varices)
[c] Potentially life threatening

Question 7

Inferior mesenteric v.

Answer 7

[1] A vein in the lower large intestine
[2] Blood flows from the inferior mesenteric v. through the hemorrhoidal v. into the hypogastric v.
[3] When portal pressure increases
[a] Provides collateral flow from intestines to heart
[b] Leads to rectal bleeding

Question 8

Functions of the liver include Manufacture of Bile which is composed of

Answer 8

[1] Water
[2] Electrolytes
[3] Bile salts (94% are reabsorbed in ilium)
[4] Bile pigments
[5] Cholesterol
[6] Fats

Question 9

Functions of the liver include Manufacture of Proteins & AA

Answer 9

[1] All of the blood proteins
[2] Liver damage leads to
[a] Decreased plasma proteins
[b] Decreased colloidal OP

Question 10

Functions of the liver include Storage of

Answer 10

(a) Iron
(b) Copper
(c) Glycogen, about 100 g (4 hours worth); 60% of the glucose in an average meal (Note: adipose tissue contains approximately 1 months worth of energy)
(d) Vitamin A
(e) Vitamin D

Question 11

Functions of the liver include

Answer 11

Metabolic center for many activities

Question 12

Functions of the liver include Detoxification of poisons such as

Answer 12

(a) Nitrogenous wastes arising from the deamination of AA forming ammonia which is changed to urea
(b) Alcohol
(c) Other ingested substances