Metabolism & Glycolysis Flashcards
Which process in metabolism is degradative, convergent, oxidative and produce ATP, FADH2, NADH and NADPH?
Catabolism
Which process in metabolism is divergent, reductive, and uses ATP?
Anabolism
Conversion of building blocks to acetyl CoA happens where?
Cytoplasm
Oxidation of Acetyl CoA happens where?
Mitochondria
What stimulates β-adrenergic receptors?
Epinephrin/norepinephrine
What activates adenylyl cyclase?
Gs (αsubunit)
Adenylyl cyclase does what?
catalyze the formation of cAMP
What does cAMP do in the cell?
Activates PKA
What does PKA do?
causes phosphorylation of cellular proteins and cause a cellular response
What are the second messengers in the phosphoinositide system?
IP3, DAG, and Ca++
What activates phospholipase C?
Gqα
What cleaves PIP2 to produce two second messengers and what are they?
PLC and they are DAG and IP3
What does IP3 do inside the cell?
It activates the ER and releases Ca++
What does DAG activate?
PKC
What does PKC do?
protein kinase C phosphorylates substrates proteins resulting in cellular responses
What does PKC need for maximum energy?
DAG, phospholipids and Ca++
Which transporter is in most cell types but not in the kidneys or small intestinal epithelial cells?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
A. GLUT 1
Which transport is fund in neurones, placenta and the testes?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
C. GLUT 3
Which transporter is found in hepatocytes, pancreatic β cells, epithelial cells of the small intestines and kidney tubules?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
B. GLUT 2
Which transporter is activated and regulated by insulin?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
D. GLUT 4
Which transporter is bidirectional?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
B. GLUT 2
Which transporter is found in the small intestine, sperm, brain, muscle and adipocytes?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
E. GLUT 5
Which transporter is only activated by fructose?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
E. GLUT 5
Which transporter is found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes?
A. GLUT 1 B. GLUT 2 C. GLUT 3 D. GLUT 4 E. GLUT 5 F. GLUT 7 G. SGLUT1
F. GLUT 7
What is the overall yield from 1 molecule of glucose in aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
2 ATP
What are the fates of pyruvate?
OAA, Acetyl CoA, Alanine, Lactate
What 3 enzymes does insulin up regulate?
Glucokinase, PFK, pyruvate kinase
