metabolism, energy balance and nutrients Flashcards
what is energy measured in?
kcal or kJ
how many kJ are in 1 kcal?
4.2
what is the definition of one calorie?
the amount of energy needed to raise one litre of water by one degree celsius
what is the estimated average energy requirement per day?
around 2600 kcals per day for men
around 2000 kcals per day for women
what is energy exenditure?
the sum of BMR + TEF + energy used in physical activity
what is TEF?
energy required to digest and absorb food
what is BMR?
basal metabolic rate
minimum energy that an awake resting body needs to maintain itself
what is thermogenesis?
generation of heat
which area of the brain controls appetite?
the hypothalamus
what are the main hormones involved in appetite control?
leptin and insulin
what is BMI?
body mass index
ratio of weight and height
what BMI is associated with the lowest risk of illness/disease?
18.5-24.9
what is kwashiorkor caused by?
protein malnutrition
what is marasmus caused by?
total malnutrition
what are the essential macronutrients?
carbohydrates
fat
protein
what are the essential micronutrients?
vitamins
minerals
what happens to excess fat from our diet?
stored as triacylglycerides in adipose tissue
what happens to excess carbohydrates from our diet?
converted to glycogen and triacylglycerides
what is the glycaemic index?
measure of how quickly blood glucose levels rise after eating certain food
why do we need fibre in our diet?
aids movement in along the GI tract by aiding peristalsis and reduces transit time
lowers blood cholesterol
lowers risk of colon cancer
