Metabolism/ Endocrine

Question 1

Transamination

Answer 1

Conversion of 1 amino acid to correspond keto acid and simultaneous conversion of another keto-acid to amino acid

Question 2

Deamination

Answer 2

Protein catabolism. Occurs in liver

Question 3

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 3

Amount of energy someone consumers per unit time in a state of mental and physical rest in a comfortable environment, 12hrs after a meal.
- Corrected for ages and surface area

Question 4

Starvation

Answer 4

Defined as the failure to ingest or absorb sufficient dietary calories to sustain normal body function, resulting in behavioural, physical and metabolic changes

Three phases of adaptation
- Glycogenolytic (4-6hrs)
- Gluconeogenetic (16hrs - 4days)
- Ketogenic (>4days)

Question 5

Hormone

Answer 5

Chemical messenger produced by ductless gland. Released into circulation and travels to distant target cells. Acts via specific protein receptors at varying locations

Question 6

Autocoids

Answer 6

Aka local hormones or paracrine secretion.
Chemical messengers that act on target cells close to site of release, e.g prostaglandins or histamine

Question 7

Insulin Action

Answer 7

Peptide hormone, anabolic
Produced by B-islets (sense), take up glucose via GLUT2, generate ATP, inhibit ATO sensitive K channels, opens VGCC, Ca influx, exocytosis of insulin containing vesicles
Acts on insulin receptors on cell membranes, tyrosine kinase linked receptors

Insulin Action Effect on BSL
↑ glucose uptake into cells - ↓ BSL
↑ glycogen synthesis
↓ glycogenolysis
↓ gluconeogenesis
↑ protein synthesis - ↓ blood amino acids
↑ fat deposition - ↓ blood fatty acids
↓ lipolysis - ↓ blood ketoacids
↑ K+ uptake into cells - Hypokalaemia