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Introduction to Microbiology > Metabolism basics > Flashcards

Metabolism basics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 ways for cells to store energy from metabolism?

A

Concentration gradients, electron shuttles, ATP

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2
Q

How is the energy from metabolism stored as a concentration gradient?

A

Is stored as potential energy across a membrane

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3
Q

How is the energy from metabolism stored in electron shuttles?

A

High energy electrons get added to a shuttle molecule and reduces it

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4
Q

How is the energy released from high energy electron shuttles

A

Oxidation

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5
Q

What are 3 common electron shuttle molecules?

A

NAD+, FAD+, NADP+

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6
Q

How is the energy from metabolism stored in ATP?

A

Adding a phosphate to ADP creates a high energy bond that can be released

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7
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

What are the 2 ways to make ATP?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

Phosphate is added to ADP from a high-energy metabolic intermediate by a kinase

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10
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Energy from the PMF is used to power ATP synthase to stick a phosphate onto ADP

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11
Q

What are the two metabolic processes used to release energy from organic carbon?

A

Fermentation and respiration

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12
Q

Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Always anaerobic

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13
Q

How is ATP made in fermentation?

A

Only substrate level phosphorylation

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14
Q

How much ATP is made in fermentation?

A

Only a little bit

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15
Q

Does fermentation involve electron transport chains?

A

No

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16
Q

What is the terminal electron acceptor of fermentation? (generally)

A

Organic compound

17
Q

Is respiration aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Either

18
Q

How is ATP made in respiration?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation

19
Q

How much ATP does respiration make?

A

A lot

20
Q

Does respiration involve electron transport chains?

A

Yes, to generate the PMF

21
Q

What is the terminal electron acceptor in respiration?

A

Inorganic compound

22
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify metabolism based on carbon source?

A

Autotrophs and heterotrophs

23
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

Organism that uses inorganic carbon as its carbon source

24
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Organism that uses organic carbon as its carbon source

25
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify metabolism based on energy source?

A

Phototrophs and chemotrophs

26
Q

What is a phototroph?

A

Organism that uses light energy as its energy source to make ATP and the PMF

27
Q

What is a chemotroph?

A

Organism that uses chemical energy as its energy source to make ATP and the PMF

28
Q

What are the 2 types of chemotrophs?

A

Organotrophs and lithotrophs

29
Q

What is an organotroph?

A

Source of chemical energy is organic carbon compounds

30
Q

What is a lithotroph?

A

Source of chemical energy is inorganic compounds

31
Q

What is a chemoheterotroph?

A

Organism that uses organic carbon as a carbon and energy source

32
Q

What is a chemoautotroph?

A

Organism that uses chemical energy as its energy source and inorganic carbon as its carbon source. System is unique to bacteria

33
Q

What is a photoautotroph?

A

Organism that uses light energy as its energy source and inorganic carbon as its carbon source

34
Q

What is a photoheterotroph?

A

Organism that uses light energy as its energy source and organic carbon as its carbon source. Pretty rare, unique to bacteria

Introduction to Microbiology (18 decks)

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