Metabolism and its Control 2 Flashcards
What is substrate level phosphorylation
The transfer of a phosphate from a substrate to make GTP
What is oxidative phosphorylation
Formation of ATP due to oxidation of NADH and FADH2
Where does the citric acid cycle take place
In the mitochondrial matrix
What conditions does the citric acid cycle involve
Aerobic conditions for the regeneration of NAD+ and FAD
What is the products of one turn of the TCA cycle
CoA 2 C02 3NADH FADH2 GTP
Where does the electron transport chain take place
Inner mitochondrial MEMBRANE
What are the 2 mobile electron carries called involved in the ETC
Coenzyme Q
Cytochrome C
What is the role of oxygen
Acts as a final electron acceptor to form water
How many ATP is produced per glucose molecule from the electron transport chain
30 ATP
How many complexes are involved in the ETC and what are the enzymes for each
Complex 1- this accepts the electron from NADH, enzyme is NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase
Comple 2- this accepts the electron from FAHD2, enzyme is succinct enough dehydrogenase
Complex 3- cytochrome bc1 complex
Complex 4- cytochrome c oxidase
What allows the production of ATP
ATP Synthase which is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient
What is the overall products of glucose
6 C02
36 ATP
42 H20
What is uncoupling proteins
This is when protons leak out to hibernate babies instead of making ATP
How is the TCA cycle controlled
It is controlled by 3 main enzymes : Pyruvate dehydrogenase Isocitrate dehydrogenase Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase These enzymes are inhibited by ATP, NADH and acetyl CoA
What is the Warburg effect in cancer
Pyruvate enters the TCA cycle and Lactate stage to give 6 ATP
How is metabolism controlled
Primary- with levels of ATP
Major- with enzyme levels and activity and substrate availability
Krebs- with enzymes do citrate synthase
Which substance gets recycled in the citric acid cycle
Oxaloacetate
What drives to production of ATP
Chemiosmosis
Does anabolic or catabolic metabolism provide energy
Catabolic (breaking substances to release energy)
Anabolic requires energy to build
Why does the citric acid cycle require anaerobic conditions
To regenerate NAD+ from the ETC
During an overnight fact what is the major source of blood glucose
Hepatic glycogenolysis
