Metabolism

Question 1

Alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase requires ______ as a coenzyme

Answer 1

thiamine pyrophosphate (vit B1)

Question 2

the branch-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex is responsible for the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids _______, _______, and _______

Answer 2

leucine, valine, and isoleucine

Question 3

Epi and NorEpi are metabolized to ________ and ________ by _______…THEN it is FURTHER broken down into ________ by _______.BOOM

Answer 3

METAnephrine and normetanephrine…catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)…Vanilla (Vanillylmandelic Acid) by MAO (MonoAmineOxidase)

Question 4

What metabolic byproduct might you see in the urine of a pheochromocytoma pt?

Answer 4

Vanillylmandeic Acid

Question 5

What breaks down a fatty acid to ACYL CoA?

Answer 5

ACYL CoA SYNTHASE

Question 6

Remember the Carnitine Shuttle?? Which enzyme does work in the cytoplasm? Which enzyme does work in the mitochondrial matrix? WHAT ARE THESE ENZYMES CONVERTING?!?! (hint: its the SAME inside the mitochondria AND outside the mitochondira)

Answer 6

CAT I in cytoplasm…CAT II in Mitochondrial Matrix…Carnitine—–>ACYL-Carnitine

Question 7

What is the precursor for Ketone Bodies?

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA

Question 8

FAO: Acyl-CoA—-> (ENZYME?)—->Trans-enoyl CoA.. What is the byproduct released?

Answer 8

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase..FADH2

Question 9

FAO: Tans-enoyl CoA —–>? (no enzyme given)

Answer 9

3-HydroxyAcyl CoA

Question 10

FAO: 3-HydroxyAcyl CoA—->? (no enzyme given)…What is the BYPRODUCT?

Answer 10

3-Ketoacyl CoA…NADH

Question 11

FAO: 3-KetoAcyl CoA—->? (no enzyme given)

Answer 11

Acetyl CoA (then to KBs!!!)

Question 12

What are the two purely KETOGENIC amino acids? What are the 4 Glucogenic AND Ketogenic AAs?

Answer 12

Pure: 1.Leucine 2.Lysine……..Both:1.ISOleucine 2.Phenylalanine 3. 3-O-9 4.TryptoPhan

Question 13

Which ION sees an increased extracellular concentration during TISSUE injury??

Answer 13

K+

Question 14

______ ____-______ is responsible for the synthesis of Nor-epi from dopamine.

Answer 14

Dopamine beta-hyroxylase

Question 15

the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is primarily regulated at the conversion between _________ and ____________

Answer 15

fructose-6-phosphate (fructose-6P) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphonate (fructose-1,6BP)

Question 16

________ converts fructose-6P to fructose-1,6BP during GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 16

PFK-1 (phosphofructokinase-1)

Question 17

_________ catalyzes fructose-1,6BP to fructose-6P during GLUCONEOGENESIS

Answer 17

F-1,6-BPase (fructose-1,6-bisphosphonase)

Question 18

________ increases intracellular concentrations of fructose-2,6,bisphosphate, which promotes PFK-1 and fthe formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate…WHICH metabolic process is this?

Answer 18

INSULIN…glycolysis

Question 19

BUST OUT THE PENCIL AND PAPER: what are the 9 hydrophobic AA’s?

Answer 19

VAL-PIT-MPG: Valine, Alanine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Tryptophan, Methionine, Proline, and Glycine

Question 20

Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II is an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step in DE NOVO ______ synthesis and is located in the CYTOSOL

Answer 20

pyrimidine

Question 21

Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I of the UREA cycle is located in the ________

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

Impaired ________ enzyme production RAISES the body’s glucose threshold for insulin release thus leading to diabetes

Answer 22

GLUCOKINASE

Question 23

Von-Gierke disease is a ______-__-_____ deficiency and impairs the release of free glucose generated thru glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

Glucose-6-Phosphatase