Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The totality of an organism’s chemical reaction

Function: involves the cycling of the cell’s resources- material and energy

Question 2

Endergonic reaction

Answer 2

An energy- requiring chemical reactions, which yields products with more potential energy than the reaction.

Question 3

Exergonic reaction

Answer 3

An energy- releasing chemical reaction in which the reaction contain more potential energy than the products

Question 4

Catabolism pathways

Answer 4

Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds.

Question 5

Anabolic pathway

Answer 5

Consume energy to build more complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 6

What’s free energy

Answer 6

The amount of energy available to do work.

Question 7

Cellular metabolism

Answer 7

All the chemical activities of the a cell

Question 8

What’s is kinetic energy

Answer 8

Energy in moving( motion) or in the process of doing work sunlight

Question 9

What’s potential energy

Answer 9

Energy of position ( energy f matter due to the position or arrangement) for example chemical bonds

Question 10

What does ATP stands for

Answer 10

Adenosine triphosphate
The main energy source for cells.
ATP release energy when its phosphate bond are hydrolyzed

Adenosine-P-P-P( triphosphate)

Question 11

Why is it relevant to energy coupling ?

Answer 11

ATP serves as the intermediate in these energy coupling pathways

Question 12

What is ADP

Answer 12

Adenosine diphosphate
ATP +h2o >ADP+ Pi + energy
Adenosine -P-P( diphosphate) + P( phosphate) + energy

Question 13

Describe the general meaning of the first and second laws of thermodynamics

Answer 13

Study of energy transformation that occurs in a collection of matter.

1st laws of thermodynamics: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it can not be created or destroyed.

2nd laws of thermodynamics: every energy transfer makes the universe more disordered

Question 14

What is the function of enzymes

Answer 14

Catalytic proteins
Speed up the reaction without being consumed by the reactions( one of the substrates).
Speed up reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Question 15

What is activation energy

Answer 15

The amount of energy that reactants must must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
( energy required to starts a reaction: energy required to break the bonds in the reaction molecules)

Question 16

Active site

Answer 16

The part of an enzyme where a substrate molecule attaches; typically, a pocket or groove on the enzyme’s surface.

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme( just a few amino acids)

Question 17

Allosteric sit

Answer 17

A sit at which a small regulatory molecule interact with an enzyme to inhibit or activate that specific enzyme.
Inhibitors noncompetitive can turn the enzyme off
Activator( turn on enzyme)

Question 18

Induced fit

Answer 18

The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme, caused by entry of the substrate so that it binds the substrate snugly.

Contort substrate bonds or place chemical groups of the amino acids making up the active site in position to catalyze the reaction.

Question 19

Cofactors

Answer 19

A nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme

Coenzyme: an organic molecule serving as a cofactors. Most vitamins function as coenzyme in important metabolism reactions.

Turn on the enzyme with a substrate.

Question 20

competitive inhibitors

Answer 20

a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate.
A competitive inhibitors’ structure mimics that of the enzyme’s substrate.

Turn off the enzyme

Question 21

Non competitive inhibitors

Answer 21

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme without a entering an active site.

Changes the shape of the enzyme so that active site no longer affectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product.

Question 22

What is feedback inhibition?

Answer 22

Weak interactions bind inhibitor and enzyme, the inhibition is reversible.