Metabolism Flashcards
Anabolism
building small molecules into larger molecules (small to big)
Example of anabolism
DNA synthesis, DNA replication, protein synthesis
Catabolism
breaking down large molecules into smaller ones (big to small)
Example of catabolism
the digestive system, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle
Substrate
the molecule(s) that is changed by the enzyme
Enzymes
- usually proteins (complicated, delicate, unique 3D structure)
- biological catalyst
- reused
- usually end in “-ase”
Enzyme helpers
cofactor and coenzyme
Cofactor
inorganic material
Cofactor example
calcium and magnesium
Coenzyme
organic vitamin
Coenzyme example
vitamin B12 and folic acid
“OIL RIG”
Oxidation is Loss (less potential energy)
Reduction is Gain (more potential energy)
Reduced
(contains H)
C6H12O6
NADH
Oxidized
CO2
NAD
Useable energy
ATP
Potential energy
NADH
Aerobic Cell Respiration
(Complete oxidation of glucose)
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
“Fuel” in Aerobic Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
“Exhaust” in Aerobic Cell Respiration
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
“Energy” in Aerobic Cell Respiration
38 ATP
Where in the cell does Glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm & cytosol
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic (doesn’t use O2)
What is the beginning reactant in glycolysis?
glucose
What are the 3 main products of glycolysis?
2 pyuric acids, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
What is the beginning reactant of intermediate step?
2 pyuric acids, pyruvate
What are the 3 main products in intermediate step?
2 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 acetyl coenzyme
