metabolism

Question 1

Obesity nonsurgical management

Answer 1

Diet and exercise, possibly medications

Question 2

Short-term fasting programs and very low-calorie diets

Answer 2

200-800 cal. per day, initial cardiac eval., supervision by interprofessional team, ketosis is a risk (not ideal)

Question 3

Nutritionally balanced diets

Answer 3

1200-1800 cals. per day, conventional disruption of carbs, protein, fat, vitamin and mineral supplements may be used, use easily accessible foods.

Question 4

Unbalanced low-energy diets

Answer 4

restrict one or more nutrients, protein and vegetables encouraged, some carbs and high fats are not, extremely popular.

Question 5

Nutrition therapy

Answer 5

Interprofessional team, must be specific to the patient, evidenced-based, nutritionally balanced, low risk-benefit ratio

Question 6

Exercise program

Answer 6

minimum level workout added to diet, walking 20 minutes a day and gradually increasing

Question 7

Liraglutide: activates appetite regulation in brain

Answer 7

Monitor ALT and AST, not for patients taking insulin, report use of drug to all healthcare providers

Question 8

Naltrexone-bupropion combines opioid antagonist with antidepressant)

Answer 8

Not for patients with uncontrolled hypertension, seizures, anorexia, bulimia, withdrawal, taking bupropion, monitor for suicidal ideation

Question 9

Orlistat: inhibits lipase fats are only partially digested and absorbed

Answer 9

monitor liver enzymes, take multivitamin daily, GI upset if fat not reduced more than 30% of daily intake

Question 10

Phentermine-topiramate: combines short-term weight loss drug with seizure medication

Answer 10

Not with glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, or pregnancy

Question 11

Cryolipolysis

Answer 11

Fat freezing, not suggested for overweight or obese patients

Question 12

Behavioral management

Answer 12

Helps change eating habits, journal of foods/exercise and emotional/situational factors, controlling external cues that promote overeating

Question 13

Nursing considerations for TPN

Answer 13

daily weights, vitals, urine output, assess for fluid overload, change IV dressing and tubing per protocol, monitor for infection, monitor glucose and electrolytes at least daily, administer insulin as prescribed, avoid using same lumen that is infusing TPN, check TPN bag for accuracy, refrigerate TPN that is not in use, monitor rate and increase slowly as prescribed, hang d10w if new bag unavailable

Question 14

Failure to thrive

Answer 14

Inability to obtain/use calories for growth, growth decrease in height and weight; severe: decreased head circumference and poor brain growth

Question 15

Failure to thrive causes

Answer 15

inadequate caloric intake, inadequate absorption, increased metabolism, defective utilization, Crohn’s, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease

Question 16

Enteral nutrition

Answer 16

swallowing difficulties with functioning GI tract, tube

Question 17

Parenteral nutrition

Answer 17

patient has nonfunctioning GI tract

Question 18

TPN indications

Answer 18

bowel obstruction, prolonged paralytic ileus, inflammatory bowel disease, severe pancreatitis, bowel rest, severe trauma, severely malnourished

Question 19

TPN nutrients

Answer 19

amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, electrolytes, trace elements

Question 20

TPN catheter insertion complications

Answer 20

pneumothorax, hemothorax

Question 21

TPN infusion complications

Answer 21

air embolism, infection, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, hypervolemia, electrolyte imbalances