Acid base balance

Question 1

Normal ph

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

Below 7.35

Answer 2

Acidotic

Question 3

Above 7.45

Answer 3

Alkalotic

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Bicarbonate

Question 5

Carbon dioxide

Answer 5

Acid

Question 6

Hydrogen ions

Answer 6

High acids

Question 7

Lungs

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

Kidneys

Answer 8

Hydrogen ions and bicarbonate

Question 9

Metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 9

Vomiting, NGT suctioning

Question 10

Metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 10

Diarrhea, renal failure, DKA

Question 11

Respiratory acidosis signs

Answer 11

Hypoventilation, rapid and shallow respirations, decreased BP, skin/mucosa pale-cyanotic, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias (increased k+), drowsiness/dizziness/disorientation, muscle weakness, hyperreflexia

Question 12

Respiratory acidosis causes

Answer 12

respiratory depression, anesthesia overdose, increased ICP, airway obstruction, decreased alveolar capillary diffusion (pneumonia, COPD, ARDS, PE)

Question 13

Metabolic acidosis signs

Answer 13

headache, decreased BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm and flushed skin, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, changes in LOC, Kussmaul respirations (compensatory hyperventilation)

Question 14

Metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 14

DKA, severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock

Question 15

Respiratory alkalosis signs

Answer 15

seizures, deep/rapid breathing, hyperventilation, tachycardia, decreased or normal BP, hypokalemia, numbness, lethargy and confusion, light headedness, nausea/vomiting

Question 16

Respiratory alkalosis causes

Answer 16

hyperventilation, mechanical ventilation

Question 17

Metabolic alkalosis signs

Answer 17

confusion, dysrhythmias (tachycardia from decreased k+), compensatory hypoventilation, dizziness, increased irritability, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, increased anxiety and seizures, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes (decreased serum Ca+)

Question 18

PaCO2 normal values

Answer 18

35 (alkalotic) - 45 (acidotic)

Question 19

HCO3 normal value

Answer 19

22-26

Question 20

Kidneys control

Answer 20

Hydrogen H+ ions (acid), found in the urine, bicarbonate, found in intestines

Question 21

Lungs control

Answer 21

carbon dioxide CO2, breath in O2 & breath out CO2, hypoventilation leads to higher CO2, hyperventilation leads to lower CO2

Question 22

Respiratory acidosis values

Answer 22

low pH, high PaCO2, normal HCO3

Question 23

Respiratory alkalosis values

Answer 23

high pH, low PaCO2, HCO3 normal

Question 24

Metabolic acidosis values

Answer 24

low pH, normal PaCO2, low HCO3

Question 25

Metabolic alkalosis values

Answer 25

high pH, normal PaCO2, high HCO3