Metabolism Flashcards
What is an enzyme? (polypeptide, tertiary)
Kind of protein, make up chain of amino acids forming a polypeptide chain which determines tertiary structure
Enzyme-substrate complex
Made of substrate and enzyme, make a product like peptides, pepsin, etc. (polypeptides breaks down to peptides, sent to trypsin, broken down to amino acids)
Hydrolysis
Breaks down compound by reacting with water
NAD/NADH
Hydrogen carriers, NADH is when it’s carrying the Hydrogen
Buffers
Balance pH
Factors that effect rate of enzyme activity
Temperature, pH, inhibitors, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration
Competitive vs Non-Competitive/Allosteric Inhibitors
Comp: similar shapes to substrates and comepete to occupy active site (block active site)
Allo: bind to enzymes in a location other than active site
Phosphorylation
Adding phospher
Steps of glycolysis
1 Phosphorlation: 2 phosphate groups added
2 Sugar Cleavage: phosphorylated sugar is cleaved into 2 parts
3 Pyruvic Acid Formation: pyruvatez are formed
(Happens in cyctoplasm, preps sugars for Krebs Cycle)
Pyruvate oxidation products
NADH, Acetyl CoA, Carbon Dioxide
What happens to CO2
Release CO2 by exhaling
Negative feedback & positive feedback
Negative: raises or lowers pH to become optimal then stops, promotes homeostasis, when products stops earlier in metabolic pathway
Positive: when product is made, encourages to make more of product
How does temperature and pH affect enzymatic reactions
Higher/lower temperature speeds/slow enzymatic reactions. If pH is out of lowered or increased out of the optimum pH level, slows reactions
Muscle contraction in labour are a result of…
Positive feedback and the hormone oxytocin
Muscle contraction in labour are a result of…
Positive feedback and the hormone oxytocin
In a metabolic pathway…
Products become the next substrate
When somebody has a fever enzymes activity is decreased because…
Hydrogen bonds break in enzymes
What enzyme has an inactive form
Pepsin
Enzymes contribute to homeostasis because
They allow reactions to occur in small steps
