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Biochemistry [COMPRE] > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

ATPs produced from anaerobic glycolysis

A

2

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2
Q

ATPs produced from aerobic glycolysis

A

5or7(6or8)

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3
Q

ATPs produced from each molecule of FADH2 in TCA

A

1.5 (2)

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4
Q

ATPs produced from each molecule of NADH in TCA

A

2.5 (3)

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5
Q

ATPs produced from complete oxidation of glucose

A

30or32(36or38)

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6
Q

ATPs produced from complete oxidation of palmitate

A

106 (129)

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7
Q

ATPs required to create 1 molecule of urea

A

3 ATPs but 4 high- energy bonds

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8
Q

ATPs required to activate fatty acids (i.e., attach CoA)

A

2 ATP equivalents (ATPàAMP)

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9
Q

ATPs required to convert ribose-5P to PRPP

A

2 ATP equivalents (ATPàAMP)

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10
Q

ATPs required to attach one amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain during translation

A

4

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11
Q

redominant hormone in the well fed state

A

INSULIN

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12
Q

Hormone that helps maintain blood glucose levels during starvation

A

GLUCAGON

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13
Q

Exert effects similar to glucagon

A

EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL, GROWTH HORMONE

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14
Q

Ratio of carbon dioxide produced/oxygen consumed

A

RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT

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15
Q

Main metabolic fuel of neurons and erythrocytes

A

GLUCOSE

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16
Q

Main metabolic fuel of heart muscle

A

FATTY ACIDS

17
Q

Main fuel of the skeletal and heart muscle, and alternative fuel of the brain during a fast

A

KETONE BODIES

18
Q

Percentage of the brain’s energy requirement that can be met by ketone bodies

A

20%

19
Q

Product of aerobic glycolysis Product of glycogenolysis in muscle

A

PYRUVATE

20
Q

Product of anaerobic glycolysis

A

LACTATE

21
Q

Product of glycogenolysis in liver

A

GLUCOSE

22
Q

Product of glycogenolysis in muscle

A

GLUCOSE-6- PHOSPHATE

23
Q

Building block of fatty acids and cholesterol

A

ACETYL COA

24
Q

Main substrate used for gluconeogenesis during a fast

A

GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACIDS

25
Q

Intermediate that can never be used for gluconeogenesis

A

ACETYL COA

26
Q

After 24 hours of starvation, which pathway is mainly responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels? Percentage of gluconeogenesis that occurs in the kidney during a prolonged fast

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS 40%

27
Q

Hours of fasting before glycogen stores are exhausted

A

18 hours

28
Q

Cause of death in prolonged starvation

A

CATABOLISM OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

29
Q

Metabolic effects of acute alcohol intoxication

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA LACTIC ACIDOSIS KETOACIDOSIS

30
Q

Massive increase of this molecule leads to metabolic effects of alcohol intoxication

A

NADH

31
Q

Intermediate in alcohol metabolism that causes flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and nausea

A

ACETALDEHYDE

32
Q

Ketoacidosis with hyperglycemia

A

DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

33
Q

Ketoacidosis with hypoglycemia

A

PROLONGED STARVATION ALCOHOL INTOXICATION

34
Q

Critical intermediate necessary to maintain TCA cycle activity usually depleted in prolonged starvation and alcohol intake

A

OXALOACETATE

35
Q

TCA intermediate that is depleted during hyperammonemia

A

α-KETOGLUTARATE

36
Q

TCA intermediate that links it to the urea cycle

A

FUMARATE

37
Q

Formula for BMI computation

A

WEIGHT IN KG HEIGHT IN M2

38
Q

On ketogenic diet, these pathways that remain active in the liver even during the fed state

A

GLUCONEOGENESIS KETOGENESIS

Biochemistry [COMPRE] (5 decks)

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